Who says that a four-door sports car is just a compromise between space and comfort for sports car manufacturers? At least, aston martin, the birthplace of racing cars in Britain, doesn’t agree with this, because on this 4-door and 4-seat Rapide, we can still see their meticulous adjustment of chassis and their persistence in performance and speed …

　　As early as 1948, aston martin acquired another British racing car factory named Lagonda (Calm Creek) in American Indian language. From 1961 to 1964, based on the DB4 classic coupe, it produced 55 four-door 4-seat GT sports cars named "Fast" in German. Later, from 1976 to 1989, it again.

　　Therefore, when the "four-door Coupe" whirlwind began to blow in the car world, this time-honored sports car manufacturer, located in Britain and founded by speed fanatic Lionel Martin in 1913, vowed to overthrow the track superstar Bugatti in that year. At the Detroit Auto Show in North America in January 2006, the concept car named Rapide was launched again, and at the Frankfurt Motor Show in Germany in September 2009, this four-door four-seat car was brought with the same elegant appearance and excellent performance.

● It is still a variety of British DNA.

　　Don’t doubt that you are not mistaken, because although it looks like an enlarged two-door GT sports car at first glance, it has perfect body lines and elegance with a little domineering, but it is actually Rapide, a four-door four-seater sports car made by aston martin with the DNA of an orthodox English sports car in its blood.

　　Rapide, originally positioned as a "4D sports car", is a brand-new car series launched by aston martin after the successful launch of V8 Vantage, DB9 and other coupes. Its body length is more than 5 meters, 198mm more than DB9′ s 4710mm, reaching 5019mm, even longer than Porsche Panamera, which is positioned as a "4D sports car".

　　But what is amazing is that aston martin can faithfully preserve its family classic shoulder/waist line design and broad and powerful rear texture, and the front shape still inherits the "convex" design that has become a family feature, with a chrome-plated checkered fence built in; The engine cover embedded with two metal vents echoes the xenon headlights and the LED daytime running light group next to it, and together with the extended wheel arch, it spreads the traditional introverted atmosphere of British sports cars.

　　The same streamlined and low-stretched car side lines reflect the insistence of aston martin stylists on modeling perfection, because even if part of the back seat head space has to be sacrificed, the sharp curve that rises with the front windshield and falls sharply from the roof to the rear is as elegant as every aston martin, and also maintains the aesthetic feeling like a coupe. A slender gill hole is set on both sides of the fender to extend the visual effect.

　　As for the rear part, the Rapide has designed a left/right double "C" taillight group on both sides below the upturned duck tail, which is connected by chrome trim strips, and there are double-outlet tailpipes on both sides below to remind the oncoming car that this is a Rapide with 470 horsepower. Please weigh yourself before provoking.

　　In addition, like all aston martin cars, Rapide’s doors are also designed with swan wings, which will rise slightly by 12 degrees after opening, so as to prevent the doors from colliding with obstacles lying on the side of the car, such as sidewalks, and create a light visual sense; But the difference is that the Rapide after lengthening the car body not only has two more doors, but also adds a hatchback-like tailgate at the rear, which not only takes into account the various styles of styling design, but also creates more practicality.

● Balance between taste and practicality

　　When the swan-wing door is lifted, two hand-made independent sports car bucket seats are greeted, which can provide excellent coating and support. The special Kestrel Tan orange-brown leather coated interior is excellent in touch and texture, and it is quite matched with the dashboard and steering wheel that maintain the consistent black tone, revealing the unique taste of British gentlemen.

　　The instrument panel adopts the traditional four-ring design, the speedometer is marked to 330km/h, and the counter-clockwise tachometer is marked to 8000rpm. There are square LCD screens in the center of the instrument, which can display all kinds of information.

　　The shape of the center console follows the design similar to its sports car series, and a circle of matte metal rings is added around the knobs and buttons, which can enhance the overall visual presence and durability, seemingly simple but quite deep; At the top of the center console are four buttons related to gearbox operation, namely, P (parking gear), R (reverse gear), key insertion hole, N (neutral gear) and D (pure automatic). In the middle are various operation switches of constant temperature air conditioning and sound system, and from left to right at the bottom, in order, ADS(Adaptive Damping System) electronic suspension setting switch, Sport mode switch button, ESP system close button and rear fog light switch.

　　When coming to the back seat, although aston martin shortened the design of the rear door of Rapide and sacrificed the head space of some passengers in the back seat for styling, and widened the design of the rear axle for handling, Rapide actually provided a good back seat space, and at least an editor with a height of 174cm was not a problem to sit in. Besides having a good front view, the rear part of the central armrest also prepared an independent air conditioning operation interface, an air outlet and a cup holder for the back seat, which made passengers sit more comfortable.

　　But to tell the truth, the back seat passengers need enough space to relax their knees when traveling for a long distance, so if they really want to take a GT trip with four people fully loaded, I’m afraid it’s a better choice to go home and change to Bentley Mu Shang. However, if you want to have an 18-hole ball game with your friends, it doesn’t matter. Just press the rear seat down button next to the seat belt fixing point of the rear seat C-pillar, and the rear seat of Rapide will fall forward, forming a two-story complete storage platform, and instantly expanding the space of the luggage compartment from 301 liters to 750 liters, which can easily put in two sets of complete balls, and finding its own balance point on the balance of taste and practicality.

　　At this point, press the car key in the center of the center console, and the huge 6.0-liter V12 engine lying under the hood of the Rapide engine immediately responded with an unpretentious roar, urging: Let’s go …

● Gentle dependence of 6.0-liter V12 engine

　　As for the power system prepared by aston martin for Rapide, it is a 6.0-liter V12 naturally aspirated engine, which is also configured on DB9 and adjusted by Cosworth, a famous British F1 engine manufacturer. The engine body falls behind the front axle, which can control the distribution of the front and rear center of gravity of the car body at 51: 49, and provide the maximum horsepower of 477 horses when the engine speed is 6000rpm. At 5000rpm, it can provide the maximum torque of 600 N m. With the 6-speed Touchtronic 2 automatic manual transmission system adjusted by ZF, the Rapide, which weighs 1950kg, can complete the acceleration sprint of 0-100km/h in 5.2 seconds, and the top speed can reach 296 km/h.

　　But to be fair, Rapide’s data is not particularly outstanding according to the standard of "sports car". 0-100km/h in 5.2 seconds, and even many high-performance four-door running RVs with slightly lower prices can be easily achieved.

　　However, aston martin always pays more attention to the balance of vehicles than the pursuit of horsepower, so the data is not the key point they want to emphasize. On Rapide, you can find that the awakened engine conveys smooth operation, full power in the full speed range, and low but not arrogant exhaust sound, which is more in line with its gentlemanly image.

　　With the D gear engaged and the accelerator lightly stepped on the road, Rapide’s start was "gentle", but it made people smile easily, and you can obviously feel that the engine is always ready with sufficient strength to let you use it, so even if the "Sport" button at the bottom of the center console is not pressed, this force can still be maintained from a low speed to a super-turn-off area of nearly 7000rpm, and the process of speed increase has not hesitated. It is the kind of natural intake engine with large displacement that will make people remember it again and again. It is both linear and full. Unlike supercharged engines, you don’t have to worry about the sudden acceleration after supercharging, and you don’t have to worry about the emptiness or hysteresis before supercharging, which fully shows Cosworth’s skill.

● The car turns gorgeous and happy at will.

　　But the real drama started from the moment after the "Sport" was pressed, because at this time, Rapide, just like David Beckham who took off his suit and put on his sportswear, was still handsome, but could show all kinds of delicate football skills more calmly. At this time, Rapide, which is no longer tied with hands and feet, has the power that the engine explodes, which is not only more direct than before the switch, but also steeper in the output curve. The vigorous thrust keeps coming, constantly pushing Xiangqian Che forward, and the strong feeling of sticking to the back will be accompanied by the rapid speedometer pointer, which will make you trapped in a comfortable bucket seat until you release the throttle, which is quite enjoyable and even makes people forget that this is a four-door sports car weighing nearly 2 tons.

　　Maintain SPORT mode to conquer corners, and directly challenge the limit with the hardest setting. Although you are sitting in Rapide’s car at this time, you will obviously feel the bumps on the road surface coming from the ground directly and mercilessly through the tires and steering column, which is completely different from the previous one, but Rapide, which adopts the front/rear double A-arm suspension structure design, will also respond to a more acute dynamic response, and even let you clearly feel the relative position of the four tires. It feels like driving a V8 Vantage with a length of only 4380mm, and you won’t feel that you are driving a four-door sports car with a length of more than 5 meters.

　　Therefore, on this closed road, even if the editor tries to attack the corner at a speed of over 80km/h again and again, and even forces the tail of the Rapide to be thrown out of the corner gently due to the influence of centrifugal force, the ESP system will obediently pull the car back to the preset route before it gets out of control, and almost no tires can be heard all the time.

● Persistence in speed

　　In terms of space performance, Rapide can’t be compared with the traditional four-door RV even if the length of the car is more than 5 meters and the wheelbase is 2989mm, and aston martin, which focuses on adjusting the overall balance of the vehicle, can’t give it the upper hand in the horsepower world of "convincing people with strength".

　　However, on Rapide, even though there is no spacious interior space and we can’t see too many complicated high-tech equipment, it just insists on that kind of self-confident and calm elegance and attitude, and it always makes people forget about its excellent chassis adjustment and comprehensive dynamic performance after the actual test drive. On Rapide, we once again see aston martin’s persistence in speed.

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Facing all kinds of phishing websites, what should we do as consumers? If we are deceived, how can we complain? In the face of refurbished phishing websites, consumers should carefully click on unknown links in social software such as WeChat and QQ, especially beware of QR codes of shopping websites that require scanning. At the same time, consumers should also pay attention to the filing information of the website to avoid bypassing the third-party hosting platform for direct payment. Relevant enterprises should also set up their own fraud complaint and reporting platform.

CCTV News:The ways and means of extremist organizations to attract recruiters are very tempting and deceptive, and many people are tempted to join the group.

Extreme organization network mapping

According to figures reported by American media, during the period of rapid expansion of extremist organizations, more than 20,000 foreign extremists from more than 90 countries went to Syria and Iraq. This figure is attributed to a systematic and efficient publicity network. With the progress of cracking down on extremist organizations, these foreign extremists either continue to wander around Syria and Iraq or return to their countries of origin. In addition to people like onur who are aware of the true colors of extremist organizations, there are also some stubborn extremists, and their scattered return is still an extremely unstable factor facing all countries in the world.

Massive social media accounts spread brainwashing content

Massive social media accounts spread brainwashing content

According to members of extremist organizations, the usual means of recruiting personnel by extremist organizations is to apply for a large number of accounts on various social media platforms, or develop special media platforms, release bloody videos, instill extreme ideas, or promise false honors. In addition to brainwashing content, extremists will also post life photos such as food and selfies in their personal accounts, trying to convey the illusion of a better life to the outside world to confuse more young people. In view of the great influence of extremist organizations through online propaganda, in recent years, many well-known social media companies have decided to remove terrorist content and close accounts related to extremist organizations.

Private contact fosters intimacy.

Many young women have been tricked into joining extremist organizations.

In addition to putting a huge amount of information on the Internet, extremists will also have one-on-one online and offline contact with the recruits, cultivate feelings and gain trust with the targets, and further encourage young people to go to Iraq or Syria to participate in terrorist activities. There are also members of extremist organizations who even use love as bait to lure young women to extremist organizations.

The pressure of extremists returning to Europe to fight terrorism has increased.

The picture shows that after the terrorist attacks in Barcelona, the Spanish Ministry of the Interior raised the expected level of counter-terrorism.

Since the beginning of this year, in the context of the continuous strengthening of anti-terrorism in European countries, the momentum of terrorism in Europe has not diminished, and terrorist attacks have even shown a high incidence. Britain, France, Belgium and even the relatively calm northern and southern Europe have not been spared. Almost all major attacks have extremist organizations behind them. At present, the living space of extremist organizations has been greatly suppressed, and extremists who went to Syria and Iraq have "returned" one after another, which has made many European countries feel tremendous pressure on counter-terrorism. Some experts said that to combat terrorism, European policymakers need to deploy more anti-terrorism forces to prevent the Internet from becoming a tool for spreading extreme ideas, and to prevent the breeding of terrorism through the joint efforts of the government and social institutions.

　　According to the different pathogenicity of avian influenza, avian influenza can be divided into highly pathogenic avian influenza, low pathogenic avian influenza and non-pathogenic avian influenza. Recently, avian influenza caused by H5N1 serotype at home and abroad is called highly pathogenic avian influenza, with high morbidity and mortality and great harm.

　　Human avian influenza (hereinafter referred to as human avian influenza) is an acute respiratory infection caused by some subtypes of avian influenza A virus. In May 1997, a 3-year-old child in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China died of unexplained multiple organ failure. In August of the same year, it was identified as human influenza caused by avian influenza A virus H5N1 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization (WHO) National Influenza Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. This was the first time in the world that avian influenza A virus H5N1 infected humans.

　　It is generally believed that human beings are not easily infected with avian influenza virus. Although people can be infected at any age, children under the age of 13 account for a high proportion of the infected cases, and their illness is serious.

　　The main sources of infection are chickens, ducks, geese and other poultry, especially chickens, who suffer from avian influenza or carry avian influenza virus; But it does not rule out the possibility that other birds will become the source of infection.

　　The route of transmission is mainly through respiratory tract, through close contact with infected birds and their secretions, excreta, water contaminated by virus, and direct contact with virus strains.

　　Susceptible people generally think that they are susceptible at any age, but the incidence of children under 12 years old is higher and the condition is more serious. People who are in close contact with poultry that died of unexplained illness or infected or suspected to be infected with avian influenza are high-risk groups.

　　Patients usually have an acute onset, and their early manifestations are similar to ordinary influenza. It is mainly fever, the body temperature is mostly above 39℃, and the heat course lasts for 1 ~ 7 days, usually 3 ~ 4 days, which may be accompanied by runny nose, stuffy nose, cough, sore throat, headache and general malaise. Some patients may have digestive tract symptoms such as nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and watery stools. Severe patients’ condition develops rapidly, and there may be pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, pancytopenia, renal failure, sepsis, shock and other complications. Chest x-ray examination of patients can show unilateral or bilateral pneumonia, and a few patients can be accompanied by pleural effusion.

　　Avian influenza virus is sensitive to organic solvents such as ether, chloroform and acetone. Common disinfectants are easy to inactivate, such as oxidant, dilute acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, halogen compounds (such as bleaching powder and iodine agent) can quickly destroy its infectivity.

　　Avian influenza virus is sensitive to heat and can be inactivated by heating at 65℃ for 30 minutes or boiling at 100℃ for more than 2 minutes. The virus can survive for one week in feces and one month in water, and it also has viability under the condition of pH<4.1. The virus has strong resistance to low temperature, and can keep vitality for more than one year under the protection of glycerol.

　　The virus can be inactivated in 40 ~ 48 hours under direct sunlight, and its infectivity can be quickly destroyed if it is directly irradiated with ultraviolet rays.

　　Experts remind that people who have been to the epidemic spot of avian influenza outbreak, or who have close contact with infected poultry and their secretions and excretions, or who are engaged in avian influenza virus laboratory staff, should go to the hospital for examination in time when similar cold symptoms occur during this period to rule out the possibility of avian influenza.

　　Clinically, we should pay attention to differential diagnosis with influenza, common cold, bacterial pneumonia, infectious atypical pneumonia (SARS), infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus infection, chlamydia pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, pneumonia epidemic hemorrhagic fever and other diseases.

　　Usually, you should pay attention to food hygiene, do not drink raw water, do not eat immature meat and eggs and other foods; Wash your hands frequently and develop good personal hygiene habits. Frequent hand washing is the most effective way to prevent all kinds of viruses, whether common influenza virus or H5N1 virus from invading. Ordinary medical alcohol cotton balls and disinfectant soap can effectively kill bacteria and viruses. Good hygiene habits are the most economical and effective way to prevent various diseases.

　　The main route of avian influenza virus transmission is through dead birds, sick birds and their excreta, so chickens and ducks must be bought in regular supermarkets to avoid sick birds and dead birds; Pay attention to food hygiene, and be sure to cook chickens and ducks when eating them. When you buy pet birds in the flower, bird, fish and insect market, you must ensure that the birds are not sick; Wash your hands frequently when raising birds, keep your distance when watching birds, pay attention to air circulation and pay attention to hygiene and disinfection.

　　Medical workers and people who deal with avian influenza, as well as those who are physically and mentally ill, should be vaccinated against influenza. Experts believe that injecting human influenza vaccine not only reduces the occurrence of influenza, but also helps to block the combination and recombination of human influenza virus and avian influenza virus.

　　November 14th, 2005. The Ministry of Science and Technology announced in Beijing that researchers in China have successfully developed avian influenza vaccine for human use, completed all pre-clinical research work and will soon start clinical trials.

(Editor: Ye Huiling)

opinions of the state council on strengthening the focus of environmental protection work

Guo Fa [2011] No.35　　

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:
　　　 Over the years, China has actively implemented the strategy of sustainable development, placed environmental protection in an important strategic position, and constantly intensified efforts to solve environmental problems, and achieved remarkable results. However, due to the unreasonable industrial structure and layout, the low level of pollution prevention and control, and the imperfect environmental supervision system, the environmental protection situation is still very grim. In order to thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode and improve the level of ecological civilization construction, we hereby put forward the following opinions on strengthening the key work of environmental protection:
　　　 First, comprehensively improve the level of supervision and management of environmental protection
　　　 (1) Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system.All key river basins, regional development and industry development plans and construction projects that should be assessed according to law must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment procedures, and take the total discharge control index of major pollutants as the precondition for the approval of environmental impact assessment of new reconstruction and expansion projects. The process of environmental impact assessment should be open and transparent, and fully solicit public opinions. Establish and improve the linkage mechanism between planning environmental impact assessment and construction project environmental impact assessment. Illegal acts such as starting construction without approval of environmental impact assessment documents, making major changes without authorization during construction, and putting into production without environmental protection acceptance should be investigated for the responsibility of management departments, related enterprises and personnel according to law.
　　　 (two) continue to strengthen the total emission reduction of major pollutants.Improve the statistical, monitoring and assessment system of emission reduction, and encourage all regions to implement total emission control of characteristic pollutants. Control the total amount of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen emissions in papermaking, printing and dyeing and chemical industries. Strengthen the construction of sewage treatment facilities, sludge treatment and disposal facilities, sewage recycling facilities and landfill leachate treatment facilities. Upgrade the existing sewage treatment plant. Improve the urban sewage collection pipe network and promote the transformation of rain and sewage diversion. Strengthen the operation supervision of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities. Control the total emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the power industry, continue to strengthen desulfurization of coal-fired power plants, comprehensively implement denitrification of coal-fired power plants, and build desulfurization and denitrification facilities simultaneously for new coal-fired units. The total amount of sulfur dioxide emissions in the steel industry will be controlled, and the treatment of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in cement, petrochemical and coal chemical industries will be strengthened. Piloting the total coal consumption control in key areas of joint prevention and control of air pollution. Carry out nitrogen oxide treatment of motor vehicle and ship exhaust. Improve environmental access and emission standards for key industries. Promote pollution reduction in agriculture and rural areas, and focus on pollution prevention and control of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding.
　　　 (3) Strengthen environmental law enforcement supervision.We will promptly promote the formulation and revision of relevant laws and regulations to provide a more complete and effective legal guarantee for environmental protection. Improve law enforcement procedures, standardize law enforcement behavior, and establish a law enforcement responsibility system. Strengthen the daily supervision and law enforcement inspection of environmental protection. We will continue to carry out special actions to rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health and environmental protection, and conduct post-inspection on the implementation of environmental laws and regulations and the rectification of environmental problems. Establish an environmental supervision system for the whole process of construction projects and a rural and ecological environment supervision system. Improve the cross-administrative regional environmental law enforcement cooperation mechanism and departmental linkage law enforcement mechanism. Dispose of environmental pollution and ecological destruction events according to law. The implementation of river basins, regions, industries and other supervision systems. Interview local government leaders who are responsible for failing to complete environmental protection objectives and tasks or serious environmental emergencies, and implement rectification measures. Implement the extended producer responsibility system. Deepen the system of enterprise environmental supervisors and implement qualified management. Establish and improve the reporting system of environmental protection, widely implement information disclosure and strengthen social supervision of environmental protection.
　　　 (four) effectively prevent environmental risks and properly handle environmental emergencies.Improve the prevention-oriented environmental risk management system, implement environmental emergency classification, dynamic and whole-process management, and scientifically and properly handle environmental emergencies according to law. Build a more efficient environmental risk management and emergency rescue system and improve the ability of environmental emergency monitoring and disposal. Formulate feasible environmental emergency plans, equip with necessary emergency rescue materials and equipment, strengthen environmental emergency management, technical support and the construction of rescue teams, and organize regular training and drills. Carry out investigation and study on the environment and health of key river basins and regions. Do a good job in emergency handling of pollution incidents, timely and accurately release information, and reduce the loss of people’s lives and property and the damage to the ecological environment. Improve the accountability system, strictly implement the main responsibility of corporate environmental safety, and strengthen the environmental safety supervision responsibility of local governments.
　　　 Two, focus on solving outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health.
　　　 (5) Effectively strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.Focus on the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution areas, industries and enterprises. Reasonably adjust the layout of enterprises involved in heavy metals, strictly implement the health protection distance, and resolutely prohibit new projects that increase the total discharge of heavy metal pollutants in key prevention and control areas. Strengthen the environmental supervision of heavy metal-related enterprises to ensure that the discharge reaches the standard. For heavy metal polluting enterprises that cause pollution, we will increase penalties and take rectification measures within a time limit. If they still fail to meet the requirements, they will be shut down and banned according to law. Standardize the recycling activities of waste electrical and electronic products, and build a recycling system for waste materials and a centralized processing park. Actively and properly handle the problems left over from the history of heavy metal pollution.
　　　 (6) Strict environmental management of chemicals.Sort out and evaluate the layout of chemical projects, and promote the scientific planning and rational layout of petroleum and chemical projects. Investigate environmental hazards of chemical production and operation enterprises, comprehensively rectify chemical enterprises along oceans, rivers and lakes, and strengthen safety and security measures. Take environmental risk assessment as an important part of the assessment of hazardous chemicals projects, improve the environmental access conditions and construction standards of chemical production, and scientifically determine and implement the environmental safety protection distance of chemical construction projects. Eliminate chemicals that are highly toxic, difficult to degrade and have high environmental hazards according to law, and restrict the production and use of chemicals with high environmental risks. Promote ecological design of industrial products. Improve the environmental management system in the whole process of chemicals. Strengthen the supervision and management of key industries that discharge persistent organic pollutants. Establish a lifelong accountability system for chemical environmental pollution responsibility and an administrative accountability system for the whole process.
　　　 (7) Ensuring nuclear and radiation safety.Focus on the operation of nuclear facilities, strengthen the safety review and evaluation of newly built and expanded nuclear facilities, and promote the decommissioning of old nuclear facilities and the treatment of radioactive waste. Strengthen safety management and radiation protection in the production, transportation and storage of nuclear materials and radioactive materials, and promote environmental protection of uranium mines and associated radioactive mines. Strengthen the management of radiation environment such as radioactive sources, radiation devices, high-voltage power transmission and transformation and mobile communication projects. Improve the nuclear and radiation safety evaluation methods, improve the radiation environment monitoring and supervision system, promote the construction of the national nuclear and radiation safety supervision technology research and development base, and build a supervision technology support platform.
　　　 (8) Deepen the comprehensive prevention and control of pollution in key areas.Strict division and management of drinking water source protection areas, regular water quality analysis, implementation of water source environmental improvement, restoration and construction projects, improve water quality compliance rate. Conduct groundwater pollution investigation, risk assessment and remediation demonstration. Continue to promote the prevention and control of water pollution in key river basins and improve the assessment mechanism. Strengthen pollution control in Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake and Hongze Lake. Strengthen the protection of lakes with good water quality or fragile ecology. It is forbidden to carry out reclamation activities in places that may cause serious ecological imbalance, strengthen pollution control of rivers entering the sea and supervision and management of sewage outlets entering the sea, and focus on improving the environmental quality of the Bohai Sea and the estuaries such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Pearl River. Revise ambient air quality standards, increase air pollutant monitoring indicators, and improve environmental quality evaluation methods. Improve the joint prevention and control mechanism of air pollution in key areas, implement coordinated control of various pollutants, and strictly control the emission of volatile organic pollutants. Strengthen the control of odor, noise and cooking fume pollution. Intensify the harmless treatment of municipal solid waste. Strengthen the prevention and control of industrial solid waste pollution and strengthen the management of hazardous waste and medical waste. If the polluted site is developed and utilized again, environmental assessment and harmless treatment should be carried out. Implement mandatory cleaner production audit for key enterprises. We will promote environmental performance evaluation, a polluting enterprise, and strictly check the environmental protection of listed enterprises. In-depth development of urban environmental comprehensive improvement and environmental protection model city creation activities.
　　　 (9) Vigorously develop the environmental protection industry.Increase policy support and expand the market demand of environmental protection industry. Encourage the establishment of environmental protection industry development funds through multiple channels and broaden the financing channels for environmental protection industry development. Implement research and development and application of advanced and applicable technologies for environmental protection, and major environmental protection technology and equipment and product industrialization demonstration projects. Focus on the development of environmental services such as socialized operation of environmental protection facilities, environmental consultation, environmental supervision, engineering technology design, certification and evaluation. Encourage the use of environmental labels, environmental certification and green printing products. Carry out technical research on pollution reduction and implement major scientific and technological projects such as water pollution control and treatment. Formulate statistical standards for environmental protection industry. Strengthen the study of environmental benchmarks and promote the construction of national key laboratories of environmental protection and engineering technology centers. Strengthen the construction of environmental disciplines and specialties in colleges and universities.
　　　 (10) Accelerate rural environmental protection.Implement the target responsibility system for comprehensive improvement of rural environment. Deepen the policy of "promoting governance with awards" and "replacing compensation with awards", expand the scope of contiguous remediation, focus on remediation of villages and market towns with outstanding environmental problems, and focus on remediation of rural soil and drinking water source pollution. Continue to carry out soil environmental investigation and carry out pilot demonstration of soil pollution control and restoration. Promote the extension of environmental protection infrastructure and services to rural areas, and strengthen the construction of rural domestic garbage and sewage treatment facilities. Develop ecological agriculture and organic agriculture, scientifically use chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural films, and effectively reduce non-point source pollution. Strict management of crop straw burning ban, and promote the resource utilization of agricultural production waste. Strengthen the harmless treatment of human and animal manure and pesticide packaging in rural areas. Strengthen pollution prevention and control of industrial and mining enterprises in rural areas to prevent pollution from transferring to rural areas. Carry out agricultural and rural environmental statistics.
　　　 (eleven) increase the intensity of ecological protection.The state formulates environmental functional zoning, delineates ecological red lines in important ecological functional areas, sensitive areas of land and marine ecological environment, fragile areas and other areas, and formulates corresponding environmental standards and policies for various main functional areas respectively. Strengthen the ecological environment protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological barrier, the Loess Plateau-Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier, the northeast forest belt, the northern sand control belt and the southern hilly and mountainous areas, as well as important river systems. Promote ecological restoration and let important ecosystems such as rivers and lakes recuperate. Strengthen biodiversity protection, establish biodiversity monitoring, evaluation and early warning system and biological genetic resources acquisition and benefit sharing system to effectively prevent the loss and loss of species resources. Strengthen the comprehensive management of nature reserves. Carry out ecosystem status assessment. Strengthen ecological protection in the development of minerals, hydropower, tourism resources and transportation infrastructure. We will promote the pilot project of ecological civilization construction and further carry out ecological demonstration activities.
　　　 Third, reform and innovation of environmental protection system and mechanism
　　　 (12) Continue to promote the historic transformation of environmental protection.Adhere to protection in development and development in protection, constantly strengthen and comprehensively use laws, economy, technology and necessary administrative means, take reform and innovation as the driving force, actively explore new ways of environmental protection with low cost, good benefit, low emission and sustainability, and establish a macro-strategic system of environmental protection, a comprehensive and efficient pollution prevention and control system, a sound environmental quality evaluation system, a sound system of environmental protection laws, regulations, policies, scientific and technological standards, and a complete system of environmental management and law enforcement and supervision that is suitable for China’s national conditions.
　　　 (thirteen) the implementation of economic policies conducive to environmental protection.Environmental protection should be included in the budgets of fiscal years at all levels and investment should be gradually increased. Timely increase the funding arrangements for environmental protection capacity building at the same level. Increase investment in water pollution prevention and control in key river basins, and improve the management measures for special funds for water pollution prevention and control in key river basins. We will improve the central financial transfer payment system and increase the transfer payment for environmental protection in the central and western regions, ethnic autonomous areas and key ecological function areas. Accelerate the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism and national special funds for ecological compensation and expand the scope of ecological compensation. Actively promote the reform of environmental taxes and fees and study the introduction of environmental protection tax. Enterprises that produce vehicle fuel that meets the standards of the next stage will be given preferential treatment in consumption tax policy. Formulate and improve the comprehensive list of environmental protection. For products with "high pollution and high environmental risk", study and adjust import and export tariff policies. Support qualified enterprises to issue bonds for environmental protection projects. Increase credit support for enterprises and projects that meet environmental protection requirements and credit principles. Establish a credit evaluation system for corporate environmental behavior. We will improve the environmental pollution liability insurance system and carry out pilot projects of compulsory liability insurance for environmental pollution. Strictly implement the electricity price policy of flue gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants and formulate the electricity price policy of denitrification. Policy support will be given to renewable energy power generation, waste heat power generation and garbage incineration power generation. Differential electricity prices will be implemented for industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, and preferential policies will be implemented for encouraged enterprises such as sewage treatment, sludge harmless treatment facilities, desulfurization and denitrification facilities and garbage treatment facilities in non-power industries. In accordance with the requirements of harmless disposal of sludge, garbage and medical waste, we will improve the charging standards and promote the reform of collection methods.Carry out the pollutant discharge permit system, carry out the pilot project of paid use and trading of emission rights, establish the national emission trading center and develop the emission trading market.
　　　 (14) continuously enhance the ability of environmental protection.We will comprehensively promote the standardization of environmental protection capabilities such as monitoring, supervision, education and information. Improve the national key monitoring points and automatic monitoring networks for air quality, key river basins, groundwater and agricultural products producing areas in cities above prefecture level, expand the monitoring scope and build a national environmental monitoring network. Promote the construction and application of environmental special satellites, and improve remote sensing monitoring capabilities. Strengthen the construction, supervision and management, operation and maintenance of automatic monitoring system for pollution sources. Carry out the national environmental publicity and education action plan, cultivate and expand the team of environmental protection volunteers, and guide and support the public and social organizations to carry out environmental protection activities. Enhance environmental information basic ability, statistical ability and business application ability. Build an environmental information resource center, strengthen the research and development application of the Internet of Things in the fields of automatic monitoring of pollution sources, real-time monitoring of environmental quality, and transportation of dangerous chemicals, and promote the sharing of information resources.
　　　 (fifteen) improve the environmental management system and working mechanism.Construct a comprehensive decision-making mechanism for environmental protection. Improve the system and mechanism of environmental monitoring and supervision, and strengthen the national environmental monitoring function. Continue to implement the dual management system of leading cadres in environmental protection departments. Encourage qualified areas to carry out comprehensive reform of the environmental protection system. Combined with the institutional reform of local people’s governments and township institutions, we will explore the implementation of the supervision mode of environmental protection agencies in cities with districts and improve the grass-roots environmental management system. Strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision functions and team building. Implement the long-term plan for the development of ecological and environmental protection talents.
　　　 (sixteen) to strengthen the leadership and assessment of environmental protection work.Local people’s governments at all levels should effectively put environmental protection in a prominent position in the overall work, put it on an important agenda, clarify objectives and tasks, improve policies and measures, and organize the implementation of national key environmental protection projects. Formulate the target index system of ecological civilization construction, and incorporate it into the performance appraisal of local people’s governments at all levels. The assessment results are an important part of the comprehensive evaluation of leading bodies and leading cadres, and are an important basis for the selection, appointment, management and supervision of cadres, and the one-vote veto system for environmental protection is implemented. Implement regional approval restrictions for places that have not completed the target and task assessment, suspend the approval of projects other than people’s livelihood projects, energy conservation and emission reduction, ecological environmental protection and infrastructure construction in this area, and investigate relevant leadership responsibilities.
　　　 All localities and departments should strengthen coordination, clarify responsibilities, division of labor and schedule requirements, and conscientiously implement this opinion. The Ministry of Environmental Protection shall, jointly with relevant departments, strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of this opinion, and report major cases to the State Council.

State Council　　　　　　　　　　
October 17th, 2011　　　

　　It is the Golden Week of November, and there must be many people who will choose cars. Among them, there should be friends who go to BYD’s 4S shop. But when you know that BYD models mainly within 200,000 in China have sold more than 70,000 euros in Europe, do you dare to believe this is true? BYD seems to have a well-thought-out plan for choosing the most challenging battlefield in Europe. L7 was officially released, and since then, a product camp of "high and low collocation, not tired of work" has been formed, bringing more choices to consumers. But the appearance of these three models is too similar. Can you tell the difference between them? At the same time, another domestic brand, Geely, has also officially invested in Aston Martin, a traditional luxury sports car. Perhaps more passionate racing technology will be introduced into Geely cars in the future. Let’s wait and see to review the hot topics in Weibo last week.

　　I. Release of Ideal L8 and L7

　　Reading volume: 8.9 million

　　Event Review: After that, the ideal L8 finally came! Ideal L8 is a replacement model of Li ONE, with a small increase in size. It adopts a six-seat layout and continues to maintain the positioning of medium and large SUVs in Li ONE. The price is still 359,800-399,800 yuan. The whole system comes standard with four-wheel drive, magic carpet air suspension, 7.3.4 Dolby panoramic audio and video, front four-screen interactive system and NOA navigation and driving assistance system.

　　At the ideal L8 conference, Li Xiang said that on this special day, there must be One More Thing, that is, L7 will be listed soon, L7 Pro will cost 339, 800 yuan, L7 Max will cost 379, and 800 yuan.

　　Netizens are hotly discussing:

　　Comments: The ideal L8 new car has a body size of 5080×1995×1800mm and a wheelbase of 3 meters, reaching 3005 mm. It is positioned in a medium and large SUV, and its price is controlled within 400,000 yuan. In terms of product strength, Ideal L8 has introduced two versions of Ideal L8 Pro and Ideal L8 Max, and there are many high-level configurations worth looking forward to, such as the brand-new four-wheel drive extended-range electric drive system and air suspension, Dolby panoramic audio-visual system 7.3.4, front four-screen interactive system with HUD and NOA navigation assistant driving system. These configurations cover performance, assisted driving and intelligent cockpit.

　　Let’s take a look again. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 5050/1995/1750mm and the wheelbase is 3005mm, which is in line with the five-seat layout. In addition, the new car also offers 20-inch and 21-inch rims, and two styles of silver gray and black gray are available.

　　The ideal L7 Pro is equipped with the ideal AD Pro intelligent assisted driving system, which finally reaches 128TOPS；. The ideal L7 Max is equipped with the ideal AD Max intelligent assisted driving system. It is equipped with dual NVIDIA Orin-X computing chips, which can efficiently process the fusion signals of high-definition camera, laser radar, millimeter-wave radar and ultrasonic sensor, and finally reach 508TOPS.

　　In Li Xiang’s own words, if L9 is compared to iphone 14 pro max, then L8 is iphone 14 pro, and L7 can be regarded as iphone 14. His metaphor is very apt, and it also shows that the ideal models are very interested in intelligent performance and longer cruising range.

　　However, some people pointed out directly that these three cars are too close in appearance. I’m afraid this is also the three similar models that can be found in the same brand at present. Driving on the road, it is estimated that even the owner himself may not be able to distinguish the differences between them.

　　But in fact, the ideal approach is very targeted, covering different fields from high to low, and the price is further explored. Like a chain, it is closely linked. According to the previous delivery of L9, L8 and L7 should not be too bad, so the pressure on other brands can be imagined.

　　Second, Geely Automobile shares in Aston Martin.

　　Reading volume: 95 million

　　Event Review: Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd., the largest private automobile enterprise group in China, announced that it has completed the acquisition of 7.60% of the shares of British ultra-luxury performance brand aston martin Lagunda International Holdings.

　　Li Donghui, CEO of Geely Holding Group, said: "We are very happy to officially become an investor in aston martin. Geely Holding has rich experience in supporting the transformation of shareholding enterprises, as well as deep technical accumulation in the fields of super electric and intelligent networking, which will help aston martin achieve greater success in the future. Looking forward to discussing opportunities for cooperation with aston martin, aston martin will continue to adhere to its development strategy and strive to achieve long-term sustainable growth and enhance profitability. "

　　Netizens are hotly discussing:

　　Comments: On the road of "Buy in buy buy", Geely didn’t let Chinese down. After so many years of mergers and acquisitions at home and abroad, Geely Holding has now formed nearly 10 brand matrices, including Geely Automobile, Link, Volvo, Krypton, London Taxi (British Manganese Copper), Proton and Lotus (Lotus), Taili Flying Car, smart Elf and Renault Korea, covering low-end brands and luxury brands.

　　In April this year, Aston Martin announced the Racing Green strategy, indicating that ――Valhalla, the first plug-in hybrid model, will begin delivery in early 2024; And in 2025, the brand’s first pure electric vehicle was launched. The company hopes to complete the electrification transformation by 2030, 95% of its cars will be electrified, and the remaining 5% of internal combustion engine sports cars will be exclusive to the track.

　　From the background, any brand can’t avoid experiencing electrification reform, especially some old luxury models, and electrification is particularly important for them. On the road of electrification transformation, and in the future market development, there is no doubt that the China market cannot be ignored. In order to get better development in the China market, as well as get more funds and other support, choosing Geely can be regarded as "getting the moon first with the advantage of proximity".

　　Third, Porsche’s market value exceeds Mercedes-Benz BMW.

　　Reading volume: 340,000

　　Event Review: On Thursday, September 29th, local time in Frankfurt, Porsche was listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in Germany. This is the largest IPO in Europe in recent ten years and the second largest IPO in German history. The listing price was finally determined to be 82.50 euros per share. The initial price of Porsche was 84 euros per share. At present, its share price has risen slightly, and its market value now exceeds 75 billion euros, surpassing BMW and Mercedes-Benz, making it the second largest listed company in Germany after Volkswagen Group.

　　According to the latest price, the market value of Porsche reached 78.5 billion euros, far exceeding the market values of Mercedes-Benz and BMW, which were 57.5 billion euros and 46.2 billion euros respectively. Among the global automobile manufacturers, Porsche ranks fifth, and the top four manufacturers are Tesla, Toyota, BYD and Volkswagen Group.

　　Netizens are hotly discussing:

　　Comments: To be honest, as such a well-known global automobile manufacturer, Porsche has just been listed. Please forgive my ignorance. Among the global car companies, the fifth position is worthy of everyone’s love for Porsche.

　　According to the prospectus, in the first half of this year, Porsche achieved sales revenue of 17.922 billion euros, an increase of 8% year-on-year; Operating profit was 3.48 billion euros, up 24.64% year-on-year; The profit rate of sales is 19.4%. In 2021, Porsche’s global car sales increased by 11% to 300,000 vehicles, breaking through the 300,000 vehicle mark for the first time. Among them, China is the largest market for Porsche. In 2021, Porsche delivered 96,000 vehicles in China market, up 8% year-on-year.

　　It is not difficult to see that in the Volkswagen Group, Porsche is still a very "fighting" member. From the perspective of contribution profit and bicycle profit rate, Porsche is a very strong existence, and it is enough to become the "eye of the hand" in the Volkswagen Group. Of course, there is another market that Porsche can’t leave, that is, the China market, or more confidently, the China market has surpassed North America and Europe to become the most important overseas market for Porsche.

　　With the listing of Porsche, people inside and outside the industry are paying more attention to the future development of Porsche. In this regard, Obermu, Chairman of Porsche Global Executive Board, once said, "The future of Porsche is electrification. By 2025, our goal is that the sales of electrified vehicles will account for about half of the global new car sales, including plug-in hybrid and pure electric vehicles. By 2030, our goal is that pure electric vehicles will account for more than 80% of new car sales. "

　　Again, any automobile brand is inevitable in the electrification era. The China market is not only a battleground for global automobile manufacturers, but also hopes to see more outstanding brands of our own, so as to seize the opportunities in the new round of competition.

　　4. BYD models sell for 500,000 yuan in Europe.

　　Reading volume: 1.25 million

　　Event Review: Recently, BYD started pre-sale in Europe and launched three models, which will be sold in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Germany and Belgium. It is worth noting that among the three models, two of them cost as much as 72,000 yuan (500,827 yuan) and the other one costs 38,000 yuan (264,105 yuan).

　　Of course, when China car companies collectively marched into Europe, many people applauded, but at the same time, they also raised some concerns about the prospect of China brand in Europe. First of all, cars made in China will be subject to a 10% tariff if they are exported to the EU. Of course, domestic production in Europe seems to solve this problem. However, when the number of China brand cars on the European roads increases, it is likely to stimulate trade protectionism in EU countries. Unlike Norway, other EU countries have the interests of traditional car companies to protect.

　　Netizens are hotly discussing:

　　Comments: We all know that BYD is absolutely leading the way in China this year, but it never occurred to me that in Europe, where cars are based, BYD can also sell his car for 70,000 euros, which is the price of a standard luxury car. BYD is really amazing.

　　It is reported that the three models of Han EV, Tang and Yuan PLUS will also be unveiled at the Paris Motor Show in France in October, and will be delivered in many European countries, including Norway, Denmark, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and other countries. Before the end of this year, BYD will further explore the French and British markets and provide local consumers with high-quality new energy passenger cars and supporting services.

　　It is different from BYD’s previous export areas and business, compared with those economically underdeveloped areas and areas with weak industrial base, such as Chile and Mexico in South America and the Philippines in Asia. This time BYD chose Europe, the car center, as the most challenging market. "Knowing that there are tigers in the mountains, BYD seems to be full of confidence in its technology and excellent product strength."

　　At present, BYD’s footprint has spread all over more than 70 countries on six continents. Not long ago, BYD just entered the Japanese market. In addition, this time, it entered Europe, challenging the old-timers who were n years earlier than their own "little brother" in the automobile industry, from recruits to "learning tyrants". BYD’s performance is indeed remarkable and admirable.

　　As mentioned above, the China market is a battleground for all brands, but there are no real luxury brands going abroad from home. Maybe BYD can achieve this goal for us, so let’s wait and see.

　　V. 2022 Tesla AI Day

　　Reading volume: 53.49 million

　　Event Review: On the 2022 Tesla AI Day held on October 1, Beijing time, Tesla’s head Musk said that if robots are ubiquitous in the future, the human economy will develop better, and people can choose to do manual work, but this is not necessary. We can choose more mental work.

　　In addition, he also showed the scene of working with Tesla robot, which can be made in the factory or watered in the office.

　　Musk has confirmed that the hands in Tesla AI DAY’s main vision are Tesla robots, and they are real shots, not CG animations.

　　Netizens are hotly discussing:

　　Comments: On the first day of the National Day holiday, Tesla came to do things again. On 2022 AI DAY, Tesla can be said to have brought a lot of dry goods, such as Tesla’s "Optimus Prime", but in business, we still pay more attention to the technology related to car driving, which has to be mentioned-"fully automatic driving system (FSD)".

　　Automatic driving is divided into L0-L5. At present, most of the smart cars and fuel vehicles in China are equipped with L2-level driving assistance, which is far from the real automatic and intelligent driving that we often say.

　　Not to mention L5 level, even reaching L4 level is very difficult. Among the automobile manufacturers, Tesla’s FSD automatic driving assistance system has reached the second level, and some functions have reached the third level. In August this year, Tesla began to push the latest beta software FSD Beta 10.69 to car owners.

　　Up to now, 160,000 users around the world have joined the FSD Beta project, which is an 80-fold increase compared with 2021. Up to now, Tesla has trained 75,000 models, and one model can be trained every 8 minutes. So far, 35 version updates have been pushed.

　　To be more specific, in the current version, FSD can fully realize automatic driving to a certain extent, and it will be more reasonable to deal with road conditions and other traffic participants in traffic conditions. Of course, these will benefit from the "automatic driving neural network" that we can’t see.

　　In terms of data labeling, Tesla has also made some breakthroughs. Now, Tesla said that it has developed an automatic data annotation technology, and is doing data annotation for 500,000 segments every day. Perhaps soon, more perfect driver assistance functions can be assembled on Tesla’s models, which may be the reason why many young people are very persistent about Tesla.

　　deny/refute/spike a rumour

　　Coffee contains carcinogens; Strawberries are the "dirtiest fruits and vegetables"; Mice become masters after eating genetically modified crops; Latin dance can lead to precocious puberty &hellip; &hellip; In the past month, there are still various rumors spread on the Internet. However, how can rumor fighters make rumors prevail, so let’s put these rumors in the sun of science now.

　　Proverbs 1

　　Starbucks coffee causes cancer.

　　Recently, whether you drink coffee or not, you may have heard the so-called "Starbucks coffee causes cancer". The reason is that the judgment of the Los Angeles High Court in California shows that coffee contains acrylamide, a carcinogen, and all coffee products are required to be labeled as "carcinogenic".

　　Truth: Hong Guangyu, a senior media person in the field of food safety, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the California court required the coffee sold in this state to be marked with a cancer warning on the grounds that acrylamide contained in coffee was classified as a "probable carcinogen" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and its complete meaning should be "limited evidence of carcinogenicity to humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity to experimental animals". And the list of carcinogens listed by IARC refers to the strength of evidence, not to the "carcinogenic risk" of the substance.

　　Hong Guangyu explained that acrylamide is naturally formed when coffee beans are roasted, which is the key to the formation of coffee flavor, and its content in coffee is extremely low. Acrylamide does have clear evidence that it causes cancer in animals, but there is no scientific evidence and no epidemiological investigation to prove that it causes cancer when it is ingested as an ingredient in food.

　　Some experts have estimated that when the human body ingests 2.6 micrograms to 16 micrograms of acrylamide per kilogram of body weight every day, there will be a risk of cancer. According to this calculation, a coffee lover weighing 55 kilograms has a daily acrylamide tolerance of 143 micrograms. A cup of 160 ml black coffee has an average acrylamide content of 0.45 micrograms. He has to drink at least 318 cups of black coffee every day to be at risk of cancer. Therefore, ordinary people drink several cups of coffee every day, which is far from enough to reach the carcinogenic dose.

　　"Therefore, the decision of the California court is only &lsquo; Do it according to the law &rsquo; It does not mean that drinking coffee in reality will cause cancer. " Hong Guangyu said.

　　Proverbs 2

　　Strawberries are the "dirtiest fruits and vegetables"

　　Recently, the Environmental Work Organization (EWG), an environmental protection agency in the United States, listed 12 kinds of the dirtiest and 15 kinds of the cleanest fruits and vegetables according to the detection results of pesticide residues in conventionally grown agricultural products by the United States Department of Agriculture. Among the dirtiest fruits and vegetables, Kusanagi ranked first for three consecutive years.

　　Truth: Lan Wei, a researcher at Fuyang Normal University who has been engaged in high-quality and efficient cultivation techniques of strawberries for many years, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the statement that strawberries are "the dirtiest fruits and vegetables" is very one-sided. "First of all, we must clarify a concept that pesticide residues are not necessarily harmful. The fruits and vegetables we usually eat inevitably have some low-toxic and slightly toxic pesticide residues. In the process of strawberry cultivation in traditional greenhouse, some high-efficiency and low-toxicity biological pesticides with disease resistance and some easily decomposed pesticides are applied, but they are mainly applied in the early flowering stage and less in the fruit stage, and these pesticides are sprayed for 5-mdash; After 6 days, the decomposition is very fast, and the residual concentration in the fruit is very small. "

　　Yun Wuxin, a doctor majoring in food engineering, also said that EWG is an environmental protection organization in the United States. They are neither a government management department nor an academic institution, but a private organization that advocates environmental protection. The criterion for determining the safety of fruits and vegetables is not whether pesticide residues are detected, nor how many kinds of pesticide residues are detected, but whether pesticide residues exceed the standard. The detection of pesticide residues does not mean that these foods are harmful to health. It is totally meaningless to talk about harm without the amount of pesticide residues and control standards.

　　So, don’t be misled by the list of the dirtiest fruits and vegetables. In daily life, we need to remember that it is a necessary food safety habit to thoroughly clean and pay attention to hygiene, whether it is "using pesticides" or "not using pesticides".

　　Proverbs 3

　　Mice become masters after eating genetically modified crops.

　　Recently, a video posted on the Internet showed that a giant rat weighing more than 30 kilograms appeared on a farm, and four medium-sized dogs struggled with it and finally subdued it. The text forwarded with the video said: "This happened in Heilongjiang 853 Farm. After investigation, it was because rats ate genetically modified soybeans and corn. It was terrible!"

　　Truth: Jiang Tao, a senior engineer at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the Science and Technology Daily reporter that the animals in the video are not mice. From the rough figure and fuzzy tail, they look like marmots, also known as woodchucks and ground squirrels. They are typical harmful animals in agriculture and animal husbandry. What can be confirmed is that this animal has nothing to do with "mice become sperm" and "genetically modified food". It is the conclusion of scientific research that eating genetically modified crops will not cause gene mutation.

　　"The nature of the gene itself, such as in what species and how much it is expressed, is mainly determined by the DNA sequence of the non-coding region of the gene. This kind of information has &lsquo; Dialect &rsquo; The characteristics are very different between different species and are a natural barrier for the expression of genetic information between species. " Jiang Tao explained that the genes of transgenic plants have plant properties. If they are not properly modified in vitro and transformed into genes with animal properties, even if they are deliberately transferred into animal cells, they will not have any activity. Therefore, there will be no genetic mutation when eating genetically modified crops.

　　Proverbs 4

　　Latin dance leads to precocious puberty

　　Recently, an article entitled "9-year-old girl’s precocious puberty is ineffective." The doctor asked: Are you learning Latin dance? The article is widely spread on social media platforms. The article points out that there is a certain connection between Latin dance and children’s precocious puberty. The article explains that Latin dance is a kind of social dance, which requires strong interaction between dancers. Before and after puberty, the body is very sensitive to gender information. It may be that a healthy and ordinary action or look in the eyes of adults will start the switch in the brain during adolescence.

　　Truth: Associate Professor Wu Xi, Department of Endocrinology, Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, pointed out that there may be observation deviation in the views in this article. At present, there is no scientific research in academic circles to prove that Latin dancing is directly related to precocious puberty, and it is impossible to explain that Latin dancing can lead to precocious puberty through one-sided inquiry or individual cases. At present, it has not been found in medicine that the "switch" of sexual development can be started through sight, hearing or smell, and there is no clear causal relationship between the two.

　　According to the definition of "Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Precocious Puberty (Trial)" issued by the former Ministry of Health in 2010, precocious puberty means that boys have secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 9, and girls have secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 or menstrual cramps before the age of 10.

　　Wu Xi pointed out that to prevent precocious puberty, parents should not only let their children develop good eating habits and not consume too much energy, but also be careful not to let their children eat contraceptives by mistake. If you find that your child has the above symptoms, you should go to a regular hospital in time.

　　Our reporter Ma Aiping

　　CCTV News:Working hard to work overtime, but do you really understand your rights and obligations? Does the rest day training meeting belong to overtime? Is it overtime to bring work home? How to define overtime and duty? These questions will be answered for you one by one.

　　1. What is overtime and how to identify overtime?

　　In practice, when determining whether workers work overtime &mdash; &mdash;

　　First of all, look at whether the employer has put forward overtime requirements for workers.

　　Secondly, it depends on whether the laborer provides labor outside the legal standard working hours and whether the laborer provides labor overtime according to the rules and regulations of the unit.

　　It is also necessary to comprehensively judge whether the laborer implements the comprehensive working hour system or the irregular working hour system.

　　2. If the laborer works overtime without the arrangement of the employer, does the employer need to pay overtime?

　　Whether it is overtime depends on whether it is arranged by the employer. Therefore, if it is not arranged by the employer,Instead, workers take the initiative to extend working hours or go to work on rest days and holidays, resulting in voluntary overtime.The employer may not have to pay overtime.

　　However, there is a key point, that is, the employer has to prove that the laborer volunteered to work overtime rather than the employer arranged it, so the employer needs to have a corresponding overtime examination and approval system to confirm it, otherwise, in practice, it will be considered that the employer cannot prove that the laborer volunteered to work overtime, which will lead to the confirmation of overtime and the payment of overtime.

　　3. Is the rest day training meeting overtime?

　　It can be considered as overtime. (To say the least, even if it cannot be regarded as overtime, it should be handled with reference to the regulations on duty. )

　　4. Is it overtime to arrange workers’ work on Women’s Day and Youth Day?

　　The Letter on Wages Related to Holidays of Some Citizens stipulates that during the holidays of some citizens, the unit shall pay wages to employees who participate in social or unit celebration activities and work as usual, but shall not pay overtime wages. If the holiday coincides with Saturday and Sunday, and the unit arranges employees to work overtime, they shall pay overtime pay for rest days according to law.

　　5. A 6-day working week is implemented. Is the extra day overtime?

　　If you work no more than 8 hours a day and no more than 40 hours a week, there is no overtime work even though the 6-day working week is implemented.

　　6. Is it overtime for workers to bring their work home?

　　Workers bring their work home in two situations:

　　A. voluntary work is not overtime.

　　B. It is overtime if there is evidence that the work is arranged by the employer. Of course, the laborer must have evidence to prove that it is really because the employer has arranged too many work tasks, so that the laborer has to work overtime outside the normal working hours, and the employer should pay overtime wages.

　　7. Is a business trip on weekends overtime? Can you use travel allowance or travel allowance to offset overtime pay?

　　Weekends are generally the time for workers to rest. Whether a business trip on weekends belongs to overtime depends on whether the workers provide labor &mdash; &mdash;

　　If the business trip coincides with the weekend, and the laborer provides labor during this period, it shall be overtime.

　　If the business trip coincides with the weekend, and the laborer does not provide labor, but is just resting and playing, it is not overtime.

　　If the employee’s business trip on weekends has been recognized as overtime by the employer, and the employer cannot arrange compensatory time off, overtime pay shall be paid according to law.

　　Travel allowance and travel allowance are not legal overtime pay, nor do they include overtime pay. Therefore, employers cannot use travel allowance and travel allowance to offset all or part of overtime pay.

　　8. Is it overtime to catch up with weekends or holidays during business trips?

　　The business trip is also for future business trips, so the business trip time should be working hours, and if it coincides with weekends and holidays, it should be overtime.

　　9. Do expatriates work overtime on weekends?

　　In terms of overtime, expatriates are the same as those in the headquarters. If expatriates implement the standard working hours system and expatriates provide labor on weekends, it is overtime. At the same time, the regulations on overtime work of expatriates must comply with the relevant local regulations.

　　10. Does it belong to overtime for the employer to hold employees’ cultural and sports activities on rest days?

　　It is generally not considered overtime. However, considering that similar activities are required by employers, it may be controversial in practice.

　　Therefore, the employer should stipulate in the rules and regulations that such situations (outings and other recreational activities organized on holidays and rest days, and recreational activities organized after work on weekdays) do not belong to overtime, so that it will be biased towards the employer.

　　11. During the long vacation, is it overtime for the employer to ask the workers not to leave their city and stand by at any time?

　　Only when the unit officially informs the workers to come to work in the unit can they be deemed to work overtime.

　　12. How do workers with integrated working hours identify overtime?

　　Because the comprehensive working hours system calculates the working hours according to the approved calculation cycle (week, month, quarter and year), its working hours are not limited by the maximum amount of the standard working hours system.

　　For example, if the approved calculation period is a quarter, the total working time in a quarter is 20.83 days × March× 8 hours =499.9 hours, and there are no restrictions on 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week. However, in a calculation period, if the work exceeds 499.9 hours, it shall be deemed as overtime.

　　13. How do workers with irregular working hours identify overtime?

　　According to the provisions of the Interim Provisions on Wage Payment, workers who implement the irregular working hours system do not implement the provisions on overtime wage system.

　　However, both Shenzhen and Shanghai stipulate that if an employer arranges workers with irregular working hours to work on holidays, it should be regarded as overtime, and there is no problem of overtime on working days and rest days.

　　14. Can middle-level and above managers work overtime without paying overtime?

　　Whether middle-level and above managers work overtime depends on what working hour system is implemented. If it is deemed to be overtime, overtime should be paid.

　　15. Do employees in special positions such as security guards and doormen have overtime pay?

　　Whether overtime is determined has nothing to do with special positions such as security guards and doormen, but only with the fact that overtime exists. If employees in special positions such as security guards and doormen work overtime, they should pay overtime according to law.

　　In addition, on legal holidays, special posts such as security guards and doormen will continue to attend their posts. Since their attendance is also engaged in their own work, this situation should be regarded as overtime and not as duty.

　　16. If the employer arranges for workers to work overtime on rest days, can they arrange compensatory time off without paying overtime pay, and can the workers refuse compensatory time off and ask for overtime pay?

　　According to the regulations, if workers are arranged to work overtime on rest days, they should first arrange for compensatory time off. If they can’t, they should pay no less than 200% of their wages. Make-up time should be equal to overtime.

　　It can be seen that after working overtime on rest days, it is up to the enterprise to decide whether to arrange compensatory time off. It is also the legal obligation of the employer to give priority to compensatory time off, and its purpose is to fully protect the workers’ right to rest. Therefore, employees should abide by the employer’s arrangement on compensatory time off, and cannot refuse compensatory time off and ask for overtime pay.

　　17. Can the employer arrange compensatory time off without paying overtime pay if the workers work overtime on working days and legal holidays?

　　The Labor Law stipulates &mdash; &mdash;

　　If workers are arranged to extend their time, they shall be paid no less than 150% of their wages;

　　If workers are arranged to work on legal holidays, they shall be paid no less than 300% of their wages..

　　It can be seen that the employer must pay overtime when workers work overtime on weekdays and legal holidays.

　　Of course, if the employer is willing to arrange compensatory time off, it can be regarded as the welfare of the employer, but this cannot exempt the employer from its legal obligation to pay overtime.

　　18. Can a worker who refuses to work overtime by the employer be dealt with in violation of discipline?

　　The employing unit shall consult with the trade union and the laborer to arrange overtime work, and can extend the working hours only after reaching an agreement.

　　If the employer unilaterally decides or arranges overtime for the employee without consulting with the trade union and the employee, the employee has the right to refuse. In this regard, the employer cannot deal with it according to discipline.

　　19. If the employer arranges overtime, and the laborer is unable to attend work for some reason, can it be regarded as absenteeism and no attendance award will be issued?

　　Because the employer must negotiate with the employee to arrange overtime, if the employer arranges overtime and the employee is unable to attend work for some reason, it cannot be regarded as absenteeism, and the attendance award will be issued.

　　20. After consultation with the trade union or the laborer, the employee agrees that the unit will arrange overtime. If the employee is unable to attend work for some reason later, can it be considered as absenteeism, can it be punished, and can it not be awarded the attendance award?

　　In the case that the laborer agrees to arrange overtime, overtime should be treated as the normal work arrangement of the employer. If the employee fails to come for some reason, it is absenteeism. If the absenteeism unit has rules and regulations that violate discipline, it can of course be punished.

　　As for the attendance award, it depends on how each unit stipulates the attendance award, which is in line with the conditions for the unit to issue the attendance award. For example, if the attendance is counted as attendance on the statutory attendance day, the attendance award should be issued. If it is not in line with the conditions for the issuance of the attendance award, it may not be issued.

　　21. How to define overtime and duty?

　　Duty refers to the work that the employer temporarily arranges or arranges according to the system for the needs of safety, fire fighting, holidays, etc., which has nothing to do with the laborer’s job; Or although it is related to the laborer’s own job, the work that can be rested during the duty is generally unproductive, such as guarding the door and answering the phone. Overtime means that workers continue to engage in their own jobs outside normal working hours.

　　Determining whether to work overtime or on duty mainly depends on whether the workers continue to work in their original posts or whether they have specific production or business tasks.

　　The calculation of overtime pay is legal (150%, 200%, 300%).

　　The calculation of duty fee is not limited by law, but is generally determined according to the rules and regulations of the employer, labor contract, collective contract or practice. Because if the general duty is also paid according to overtime pay, it will violate the nature of overtime pay in the sense of Labor Law, which will cause inequality.

　　22. Is it necessary to consult with the trade union or workers on duty?

　　Both on duty and overtime take up employees’ time outside the statutory working hours. Although they have different purposes, from the perspective of protecting workers’ right to rest, it is best to reach an agreement on duty.

　　If there is no need for consensus, employees must attend the duty arranged by the unit, otherwise they may violate the discipline. Therefore, the purpose of this regulation is to prevent employers from infringing workers’ right to rest in the name of duty.

　　▌ Source of this article: Workers Daily, Labor Daily, and Personnel Encyclopedia.

　　In order to strictly control the entry of employees and evaluation experts of Shanxi government procurement agencies, standardize the practice behavior of government procurement agencies and evaluation experts, and effectively improve the professional service level of Shanxi government procurement employees. On January 20, 2024, Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance organized the examination for employees and evaluation experts of government procurement agencies in the whole province, with a total of more than 14,000 participants. The examination changed the way of studying with the exam in the past, organized a centralized and unified online exam for the first time, adhered to the principles of fairness, impartiality and openness, and adopted the methods of unifying examination papers in the whole province, randomly selecting examination questions, conducting technical inspection in the whole process, answering questions specially after the exam, etc., and comprehensively examined the mastery and application ability of agency employees and evaluation experts on government procurement knowledge.　

　　In order to organize the exam, Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance made an implementation plan in advance, actively provided personnel and technical support, fully predicted all kinds of emergencies and formulated emergency response plans. During the examination, most candidates strictly abide by the discipline of the examination room and answer carefully, showing a good examination style and a solid professional foundation. According to statistics, a total of 2,756 agency employees and 11,413 evaluation experts took the exam, with passing rates of 65.57% and 47.85% respectively.　

　　In the next step, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance will intensify the training, assessment and continuing education of government procurement agencies and evaluation experts, and in accordance with the management requirements of government procurement agencies and evaluation experts, focus on the registration of the list of government procurement agencies and the warehousing of evaluation experts for review, forming a normalization mechanism. Enhance the initiative and enthusiasm of government procurement practitioners in learning government procurement laws and regulations, continuously improve the professional quality, professional ability and professional ethics of government procurement practitioners, avoid problems such as unprofessional, disorderly practice and unethical competition in the industry, guide agencies and evaluation experts to take the road of standardization and specialization, and build a team of government procurement practitioners who are in compliance with laws and regulations, skilled in professionalism, fair and just, transparent and efficient, and provide high-quality services.　

I. Basic financial data

Data is rounded to see more financial data > >

Second, the dividend delivery scheme

Rmb 0.130 per share

III. Business Review and Prospect

　　I. Discussion and analysis of business conditions

　　The year 2021 is the year when China has built a well-off society in an all-round way, and it is also the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. Standing at the historical intersection of the goal of "two hundred years", facing the global COVID-19 epidemic and the national joint "purchasing with quantity" environment, under the strong leadership of the board of directors, all employees of the company actively responded to the risks and challenges in operation, forged ahead, continued to reform, accelerated the research and development progress of new materials, new processes and new products, and actively expanded new pipelines to adapt to the new normal of epidemic and centralized procurement.

　　

　　II. Description of the company’s main business, business model, industry and R&D during the reporting period.

　　(a) the main business, main products or services.

　　The company is a leading orthopedic medical device manufacturer in China, and its main business is the research and development, production and sales of implantable orthopedic medical devices. The main products are joint prosthesis products and spinal implant products. The company is one of the enterprises with relatively complete medical device registration certificates in the field of joint prosthesis in China, covering four major human joint prosthesis products, namely shoulder, elbow, hip and knee, and spinal implant products are a full range of product combinations of spinal internal fixation systems.

　　(II) Main business models

　　Based on the regulatory laws and regulations of the medical device industry, the national industrial policy, the industry competition pattern, the upstream and downstream development level of the industry, the market operation environment and other factors, and combined with the company’s own development strategic planning, resource factors and technical strength, the company’s business model is determined together.

　　1. Purchasing mode

　　The main procurement contents of the company include three categories: the first category is raw materials, mainly including ceramic blanks, cobalt blanks, titanium blanks, polyethylene and so on; The second category is energy power; The third category serves external processing, mainly including spraying, basic machining and sterilization. The company set up a purchasing department to take charge of the procurement of raw materials and outsourcing services, and formulated a perfect workflow to ensure the efficient operation of the business.

　　(1) Procurement process

　　The purchasing department of the company shall be responsible for making purchasing plans, preparing purchasing orders, transmitting purchasing information, signing purchasing contracts, checking raw and auxiliary materials and establishing purchasing records according to the purchasing needs of various departments.

　　In terms of finished products and raw materials, the company’s procurement process is mainly carried out by bidding. First, the purchasing department conducts pre-qualification and selects three or more qualified units or suppliers to invite bids. Then, the purchasing department and the person in charge of purchasing control the bidding process and select one or more successful bidders for cooperation. The procurement contract drawn up during cooperation should include the necessary clauses such as quality constraint, time constraint and liability for breach of contract. After the contract is approved by the company, sign a purchase contract and quality agreement with the supplier, and ask the supplier to issue relevant certification materials. After the goods arrive, the quality department will control the quality. For outsourcing manufacturers, the company strictly controls the quality of outsourcing products and services by establishing and strictly implementing the selection criteria of outsourcing manufacturers and regularly evaluating outsourcing manufacturers.

　　(2) Development and management of suppliers

　　① supplier access and evaluation mechanism

　　The selection mechanism of suppliers shall be implemented in accordance with the company’s bidding system. Suppliers must have business licenses, legal production and operation certificates, quality management system-related documents, performance and safety evaluation materials of purchased goods, self-inspection reports of enterprises or effective inspection reports issued by qualified inspection institutions. Subsequently, the purchasing department took the lead in organizing the production department, R&D department and quality department to jointly invite tenders, and the suppliers who passed the evaluation were included in the List of Qualified Suppliers, which took effect after being approved by the management of the company.

　　② Quality control measures for suppliers’ supply.

　　The company agreed on matters related to quality compensation in the contract and signed a Quality Agreement with the supplier, binding the quality responsibilities of both parties. If the product is unqualified due to the supplier’s reasons, the supplier shall compensate the buyer for the losses according to the agreement. The company conducts normalized quality communication with suppliers to find out the reasons for unqualified raw materials and ask suppliers to make improvements. After the supplier improvement is completed, the company will check the effectiveness of the improvement, and the company will terminate the cooperation relationship with the supplier who fails to improve as required. The company conducts regular on-site inspections or temporary spot checks on major suppliers, inspects the supplier’s production process, ex-factory inspection process, personnel and equipment and corresponding process records, and judges whether the supplier has quality management capabilities, thus ensuring the quality of supply.

　　③ Settlement mode and settlement cycle

　　The company checks with suppliers every month, and after checking with the system, sorts out different types of business payment documents, which are approved by department managers and company leaders and then transferred to financial personnel for review and remittance.

　　The company settles accounts according to the payment time agreed in the contract, and suppliers with long-term cooperation and a certain purchase amount have a certain credit line.

　　2. Production mode

　　The company mainly produces based on strategic planning, market demand and annual sales target. With the cooperation of relevant departments, the production department carries out the established production and processing tasks according to the production plan, ensuring the company’s annual supply capacity and ensuring a certain safety inventory.

　　The production department tracks the orders received by the sales department in real time, and makes a production plan according to the sales volume in previous years in combination with the company’s safety inventory standards. After the production plan is determined, the production department issues the production task list according to the planned progress, and then enters the specific production process. After picking materials, the production personnel gradually carry out machining, polishing, lettering, cleaning, aseptic treatment and other links, and finally complete the warehousing. The production department of the company strictly implements the system related to production safety. In addition, the company sends safety personnel to supervise and inspect its work, strictly implements rectification for violations of rules and disciplines, and strengthens on-site management and hidden danger investigation to ensure the elimination of hidden dangers and reduce safety accidents.

　　The company’s main production modes are as follows:

　　For products with many varieties and small and medium batches, the company adopts the unit production management mode. This model has the advantage of high efficiency of assembly line production, and can also adapt to the changes of product variety and quantity quickly. The unitized production management mode is mainly composed of two parts: production unit and management unit, in which the production unit takes products as the center, centralizes the layout of equipment with different functions according to the process flow, and creates hardware conditions for realizing continuous production flow; The management unit carries out a series of management optimization around the planning management, personnel management, material management, equipment management and quality management of the production unit, so as to shorten the product delivery cycle and improve the production efficiency on the premise of ensuring the product quality. Under the unitized production management mode, the equipment, personnel and materials are reasonably allocated, and the production mode of "one person and multiple processes" with the goal of "one flow" in the unit is conducive to shortening the processing time and production change time of products with many varieties and small and medium batches.

　　For products with few varieties and large output, the company adopts multi-product batch production mode. In this mode, most products are designed in standardized modules, and the parts are universal and standardized. Employees have a high degree of division of labor and high proficiency in single process operation; Metal die casting, precision casting, die forging, precision forging and other methods are widely used in the production of blanks, with high precision, small machining allowance and high material utilization rate; The production line mostly adopts special and efficient equipment and process equipment, and repeatedly produces one or several similar products. The production process is mechanized and the production cycle is short.

　　For products with individual special requirements, the company adopts customized production mode. Customized production is based on modular design and standardization of parts. According to the special needs of customers, combined with the application of new materials and flexible manufacturing, it carries out secondary development and reorganizes the product structure and manufacturing process. This model not only meets the demand of customization, but also helps to reduce development costs, improve production efficiency and shorten delivery cycle.

　　In addition, the company introduced automatic production equipment in some production links to further improve production efficiency. For example, the company introduced intelligent grinding and polishing automation equipment to grind and polish the femoral stem, ensuring the accuracy of repeated positioning, while the built-in service information system can monitor the feeding of the moving machinery, and the motion control technology can also optimize the performance of the machine.

　　In addition to the above-mentioned self-production mode, based on the existing production capacity and cost control, the company entrusts some production processes to outsourcing manufacturers with corresponding qualifications or conditions for production, mainly involving product spraying, sterilization, surgical tool processing and so on.

　　3. Sales model

　　During the reporting period, the promotion of the "two-vote system" policy has brought certain changes to the sales model of the company and enterprises in the same industry. Before the implementation of the "two-vote system" policy, most enterprises in the industry mainly used the distribution mode to realize the professional division of R&D, production and terminal sales, that is, the manufacturers of orthopedic medical devices focused on the R&D, production, filing, registration and marketing of various orthopedic implants and instruments and tools, and the professional dealers focused on cooperating with the manufacturers to complete the marketing, terminal channel construction, sales and distribution, follow-up service for end customers, and operation follow-up. After the implementation of the "two-vote system" policy, the traditional distribution model was challenged, and sales service providers began to assume the responsibilities of some traditional distributors. Medical device manufacturers, distributors/distributors and sales service providers participated in the product sales and supporting services.

　　The sales modes of the company’s main products include traditional distribution mode, two-vote distribution mode, distributor mode and direct sales mode. During the reporting period, the company’s sales model was mainly based on the traditional distribution model. With the implementation of the "two-vote system", in recent years, the income of the company’s two-vote distribution model and distributor model has increased year by year.

　　(1) the traditional distribution model

　　During the reporting period, the traditional distribution mode was the main sales mode of the company. The main criteria for the company to select a distributor are that the distributor has the qualification for operating orthopedic products stipulated by the state, and the past financial performance and legal compliance of the distributor need to be investigated by the company’s background and field investigation. Due to the different amount of hospital operations, the company has no uniform minimum absolute sales requirements for dealers, but for dealers in some areas, the company will implement a rebate policy when their sales reach a certain target. The company makes full use of the distributor’s sales network and geographical advantages, constantly tapping potential customers, enhancing the product marketing ability and expanding the market share of products. The dealer agreement period is usually one year and is renewed every year.

　　Under the traditional distribution mode, products are sold to terminal hospitals through traditional distributors. Distributors undertake the responsibilities of channel development and customer maintenance, and provide follow-up service and other technical services including preoperative consultation, cargo transportation and equipment disinfection to end customers. At the same time, the marketing team of the company assists distributors to jointly complete channel development and customer maintenance by providing some technical and professional support. The business process of the company’s traditional distribution model is as follows:

　　Under the traditional distribution mode, the company’s payment system is assessed according to two standards: credit period and credit limit, and the payment is required according to the standard that is given priority. At present, most dealers expire the credit line first. After the credit line expires, the company stops the delivery, and the company will deliver the goods after the dealer makes the payment.

　　During the reporting period, the traditional distribution mode of the company was buyout sales.

　　(2) Two-vote distribution mode

　　Under the two-vote distribution mode, products are sold to terminal hospitals through two-vote distributors. Among them, the two-vote distributor only undertakes the functions of channel development and customer maintenance with the assistance of the company, while the follow-up service and other technical services are undertaken by the sales service provider. The business process of the company’s two-vote distribution model is as follows:

　　(3) Distributor mode

　　Under the distributor mode, the company’s products are sold to terminal hospitals through distributors. In this mode, the distributor does not undertake the promotion service function, while the sales service provider undertakes the follow-up service and other technical services under the two-vote distribution mode, and also carries out channel development and customer maintenance with the assistance of the company. In the process of selecting a sales service provider, the company mainly considers the local end-user resources, past service experience, historical cooperation, service personnel’s ability and other factors. The business process of company distributor mode is as follows:

　　(4) Direct selling mode

　　During the reporting period, the company’s main direct selling customer terminals were major hospitals, and the company had long-term and stable cooperative relations with major direct selling terminal hospitals. In recent years, the company’s high-end products have been listed one after another, and the company has also carried out several direct sales of customization/assembly and standard joints in Beijing and other regions. Under the direct selling mode, the channel development, customer maintenance, follow-up service and other technical services of the company’s products are mainly completed by the company’s self-built marketing team. The price of the company’s products is confirmed according to the winning bid price or the internal filing price of the hospital. The business process of the company’s direct selling mode is as follows:

　　For overseas markets, the company may adopt distribution mode, ODM or OEM mode for sales according to the specific situation.

　　In addition, in order to further introduce magnesium alloy-related orthopedic implant products and expand the market of trauma implant products, the company entered into a cooperation and distribution agreement with SynteixAsiaPTE.LTD in August 2019 to obtain the marketing, promotion and sales rights of related products in China, and agreed to purchase certain minimum purchase quantities of contract products within five years. The contract is valid until December 31, 2024, but up to now, SynteixAsiaPTE.LTD has not obtained the medical device registration certificate of related products in China, so the contract has not been formally implemented.

　　4. R&D mode

　　The company’s R&D work is managed in strict accordance with the review principles of quality standards such as ISO13485 and ISO9001/GB/T19001. The specific process is as follows:

　　(1) Project demonstration and establishment

　　Based on the market research of the company’s R&D center, marketing department and other relevant departments, the company formulates the annual product development project plan. The R&D department formulates the annual product development/improvement work plan in combination with the annual product development project plan, market demand, product characteristics and technical requirements, and assigns the design and development project leader, who further clarifies the project name, project objectives, project significance, brief feasibility analysis and project planning time.

　　(2) Project planning and review

　　Combined with the actual situation of the scheme, the project leader further comprehensively evaluates the feasibility of the project, studies and supplements the product specifications, technical scheme, implementation schedule, main key technologies, risk analysis, etc., and arranges and summarizes the scheme and sends it to the department leaders for review. According to the specific needs, the project leader sets up a project team.

　　(3) Design, development and control

　　The project leader shall control the progress of product development/improvement projects as a whole, complete product development and product design change projects according to the requirements of quality system documents, and ensure the standardization of documents, processes and operations. The units of the design and development folder should at least include design and development project initiation, planning, input, output, verification, confirmation, conversion, etc.

　　In this stage, the project leader prepares the design and development input list, and then organizes relevant departments and personnel to review the design and development input.

　　(4) Verification review and registration inspection

　　The project team conducts mechanical and biomechanical tests according to the test plan, and verifies the products according to the relevant national standards, industry standards or company requirements.

　　After the company’s internal projects have passed the verification and review, the project team will prepare the relevant technical requirements documents for medical device products to be registered according to the specific requirements of relevant regulations, prepare samples for registration inspection, and submit them to the medical testing institutions recognized by National Medical Products Administration for registration inspection in time.

　　(5) Clinical evaluation and research

　　The project team and other relevant departments of the company jointly formulate the clinical evaluation plan, and determine whether the product needs clinical trials according to the product characteristics. For the products listed in the Catalogue of Medical Devices Exempted from Clinical Trials or evaluated by clinical trials and usage data of the same kind of medical devices, the company conducts comparison tests of the same products and compiles relevant clinical evaluation materials according to the relevant requirements of the Technical Guiding Principles for Clinical Evaluation of Medical Devices; For products requiring clinical trials, cooperate with CRO (Contract Research Organization) and other companies to take the lead in completing clinical trial plans and clinical trial summary reports.

　　(6) Application for submission and registration

　　The personnel in charge of registration in the project team shall compile relevant registration materials, register products and obtain approval.

　　(3) the industry situation

　　1. The development stage, basic characteristics and main technical threshold of the industry.

　　A. Industry development stage

　　Orthopedic implant medical devices is one of the important subdivisions of medical devices. Orthopedic implanted medical devices refer to the devices and materials that can be implanted into the human body through surgery to replace and support human bones or repair bones, joints, cartilage and other tissues, mainly including bone joint implants and joint implants, such as bone plates, bone screws, intramedullary nails, spinal fixation implants, artificial joints, etc., which belong to high-value medical consumables. Because they are implanted into the human body for a long time, they have a great impact on human life and health, and their value is usually high. According to the report on punctuation information, it is estimated that the market size of orthopedic implantable medical devices in China will be about 60.7 billion yuan in 2024, and the compound annual growth rate from 2019 to 2024 will be about 14.51%.

　　According to the different parts of use, orthopedic implanted medical devices can be divided into four categories: trauma, spine, joint and others. In China’s orthopedic implantable medical device market in 2019, the market segments of trauma, spine and joint accounted for 85.80% of the market; Among them, trauma is the largest market segment, accounting for 29.80%; Spine ranks second, accounting for 28.23%; Joints ranked third, accounting for 27.77%.

　　(1) Joint implanted medical devices

　　According to different parts, artificial joints can be divided into artificial hips, knees, shoulders, elbow joints and so on. Benefiting from the growing medical demand, the joint market has maintained a rapid growth. According to the punctuation information related reports, the market size of joint implanted devices in China in 2018 and 2019 is 7 billion yuan and 8.6 billion yuan respectively. It is estimated that the market size of joint implanted medical devices in China will be about 18.7 billion yuan in 2024, with an average annual compound growth rate of about 6.87% from 2019 to 2024. Due to the relatively high technical difficulty, complex production process and long service life of joint implants, the market for joint implants is mainly imported products, while domestic products account for a relatively low proportion.

　　(2) Spinal implants.

　　Benefiting from the increasing medical demand and the development of minimally invasive spine technology, the market scale of spinal implant medical devices in China is also growing gradually. According to the report on punctuation information, the market size of spine medical devices in China is 7.3 billion yuan and 8.7 billion yuan in 2018 and 2019 respectively. It is estimated that the market size of spine medical devices in China will be about 17.1 billion yuan in 2024, and the compound annual growth rate from 2019 to 2024 will be about 14.42%.

　　(3) Implanted medical devices for trauma.

　　The production technology of trauma products is mature and the market development is sufficient, which has maintained rapid growth in recent years. According to the report on punctuation information, the market size of trauma implanted devices in China was 7.7 billion yuan and 9.2 billion yuan in 2018 and 2019 respectively. It is estimated that the market size of trauma implanted medical devices in China will be about 17 billion yuan in 2024, and the compound annual growth rate from 2019 to 2024 will be about 13.15%.

　　(1) International medical device giants have more advantages in the market.

　　Although the overall gap between domestic medical device companies and international medical device giants is narrowing year by year, the problem of low overall level of medical device companies in China still needs to be solved. In the domestic and international markets, international medical giants still occupy the dominant position by virtue of strong technical strength, R&D ability, capital supply ability, brand influence and higher trust.

　　With the acceleration of import substitution, the market share of domestic enterprises has gradually increased. However, from the perspective of the market segmentation of orthopedic implants, the degree of localization of the joint market is still low, and at present, imported enterprises still occupy a dominant position.

　　(2) The industrial concentration of Class 2)III medical device enterprises has gradually increased.

　　Under the leadership of international medical device giants, domestic medical device companies, on the one hand, step up their technological catch-up and constantly narrow the gap with international giants, on the other hand, accept increasingly strict government supervision, while the fierce competition among companies continues to increase, and high-quality enterprises rise, making it difficult for some small and medium-sized enterprises to continue to operate and be eliminated. Generally speaking, the industry concentration of Class III medical device enterprises with high technology content is gradually increasing, and the trend of survival of the fittest, mergers and acquisitions is obvious. According to the Statistical Annual Report on Drug Supervision in National Medical Products Administration, by the end of November 2018, there were only 1,997 enterprises that could produce three types of products, which was 25.37% lower than the 2,676 enterprises at the end of 2013. With the backward small and medium-sized enterprises being gradually eliminated or merged, the concentration of China’s medical device industry will continue to rise, and the scale of enterprises will gradually expand. While broadening the product line, they will continue to consolidate and expand their own advantages.

　　(3) Domestic medical device companies are accelerating the process of import substitution.

　　Due to the lack of strict and unified standards for equipment industry and the influence of municipal/hospital bidding mode, the medical equipment industry has been in a state of low concentration. Therefore, for a long time, many medical device companies developed in specific areas by relying on their special geographical location and marketing network. However, with the improvement of domestic innovation ability and technical level, the scale of domestic medical device companies continues to expand, R&D investment continues to increase, and the quality and approval number of domestic devices have improved, which provides the possibility for domestic products to occupy more market share.

　　In addition, hospitals at all levels have certain pressure to control medical insurance fees, especially the basic medical insurance system for urban residents, whose fees are mostly divided by age, and the overall amount is small; In terms of reimbursement amount, the reimbursement amount for urban residents is limited. Therefore, the long-term pressure of medical insurance fee control is great, and the increase in the use of domestic devices is an inevitable trend, which also provides an opportunity for domestic companies to accelerate import substitution.

　　(4) The development history is short and there are few large-scale enterprises.

　　The development history of domestic medical high-value consumables industry is only more than 20 years. In the field of orthopedics, the domestic manufacturers of orthopedic medical devices have a certain production capacity, and their products can basically cover various types of orthopedic diseases, and they have made certain progress in the fields of joint reconstruction devices, trauma and fixation orthopedic medical devices, orthopedic surgical instruments and spinal fixation devices. However, most domestic manufacturers of orthopedic implant consumables are small in scale, and their core products and market dominance are limited.

　　At present, there are few manufacturers of orthopedic implant consumables in China. From the perspective of enterprise scale, China’s orthopedic industry is still in a relatively primary stage. At the same time, because there is still a gap with imported products in prosthesis materials, prosthesis shape design, accuracy of surgical positioning instruments, joint surface smoothness, and treatment of contact surface with bone, the products of domestic manufacturers mainly focus on trauma and spine products, and the share of state-owned manufacturers in the joint market is relatively low.

　　(5) The competition pattern is scattered, and the trend of industry integration is obvious.

　　Because most of the manufacturers of high-value medical consumables and orthopedic implants in China are small in scale, the industry competition pattern is relatively scattered. In recent years, major market participants have integrated through mergers and acquisitions. For example, in 2012, Johnson & Johnson acquired Synthes, a Swiss medical plastic equipment manufacturer, and later joined DePuy subsidiary to become Johnson & Johnson DepuySynthes；; Stryker acquired China Enterprise Chuangsheng Medical in 2013; Medtronic acquired Kang Hui Medical in 2012; Xerox has successively acquired American sports medicine product manufacturer ArthroCareCorp, orthopedic robot company BueBet, and the BST-CarGe cartilage repair business of Indian pharmaceutical company PiramaHeathcare. The trend of industry integration is obvious, which provides development opportunities for enterprises with considerable scale in the industry. According to the report on punctuation information, in 2019, the top five companies in China’s orthopedic implantable medical devices market were Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, Jiemai, Stryker and Weigao Orthopedics, with market shares of 17.24%, 9.70%, 5.97%, 5.19% and 4.61% respectively, totaling 42.71%, and the industry concentration increased.

　　(6) The demand for high-end products is still expanding.

　　With the increase of national disposable income, the increase of the proportion of the elderly population, the change of medical concept and the expansion of medical insurance coverage, the demand for high-end orthopedic medical devices in China will maintain a high growth rate.

　　After years of market cultivation, patients’ acceptance of orthopedic implants has been continuously improved. In the future, investment and mergers and acquisitions in the field of high-end orthopedic medical devices will increase, and good market prospects and huge growth space will bring greater impetus to the development of enterprises.

　　C. Main technical thresholds

　　Medical devices are knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive industries with multidisciplinary integration, and because orthopedic medical devices are directly applied to the human body, the safety, effectiveness, accuracy and reliability of medical device products must be guaranteed, which means that medical device manufacturers must continuously improve their technical level through continuous research and statistical analysis of large-scale clinical data before they can develop products that guarantee quality and meet customer needs. New entrants to the industry often do not have this technical level, and the difficulty of entering the market is further increased.

　　2. Analysis of the industry position of the company and its changes.

　　Based on China’s huge population base and the trend of accelerating aging, China’s orthopedic market is huge and has considerable growth potential. International orthopedic giants have successively entered the China market through local mergers and acquisitions or investment in factories. The period of investment and factory building is longer than that of mergers and acquisitions. Most international orthopedic giants choose mergers and acquisitions to open the China market.

　　In recent years, with the support of national policies and the opportunity of domestic market expansion, domestic orthopedic medical science and technology companies have gradually developed and expanded. The main domestic listed companies in the same industry mainly include Aikang Medical, (), Weigao Orthopaedics, () and Sanyou Medical.

　　The company’s main products are joint implant consumables. Because the artificial joint prosthesis needs to form a permanent combination with human bone tissue and replace the original function of human body, the raw materials of artificial joint must have better compatibility with bone and advanced bone interface fixation technology, which has higher manufacturing threshold and technical difficulty. Therefore, artificial joint is an orthopedic subdivision field with high technology content, high added value and high entry threshold. Due to the limitation of domestic raw materials and technology, imported enterprises still occupy the absolute dominant position in the whole market segment.

　　According to the report on punctuation information, in 2017, 2018 and 2019, the market share of foreign-funded enterprises in the joint implant device market in China was 67.88%, 66.71% and 65.06% respectively. The market share of local enterprises is 32.12%, 33.29% and 34.94% respectively, and the proportion is increasing year by year. Among them, Chunli Medical occupied 8.96% of the market share of joint implanted medical devices in China in 2019, ranking second among all local enterprises and fourth among all joint prosthesis enterprises (including foreign enterprises) in China.

　　3. The development of new technologies, (), new formats and new models during the reporting period and the future development trend.

　　3D printing technology: The company has introduced a variety of 3D printing equipment with different process types, and the "research and development project of customized and personalized prosthesis series products" is also in progress.

　　The company’s 3D printing equipment mainly includes EBM (Electron Beam Melting) equipment, MJF (Multi-jet Melting) equipment, and powder metal 3D printing equipment. Among them, electron beam molten metal 3D printer can melt titanium alloy powder layer by layer by using electron beam in vacuum to generate dense parts, which can realize printing of porous materials. Chunli Medical has mastered the technology of using electron beam technology to produce bone trabecula and other products. Multi-jet melting 3D printer ensures the fineness of the edge of the printed object by spraying solvent and fine agent to the laid powder, and then carries out thermal radiation heating again, so that the powder is bonded according to the model interface and stacked layer by layer.

　　Chunli Medical has mastered the technology of using multi-jet melting 3D printer to produce guide plate, prosthesis die test and other instrument parts. In addition, Chunli Medical can use the powder-feeding metal 3D printer to coat the surface of the medical implant produced by the traditional technology with the metal powder of medical institutions. The metal powder is uniformly melted by laser irradiation, and then cooled into a solid to be combined with the metal surface, so as to realize the porous structure on the surface of the implant and promote bone growth. In recent years,

　　Chunli Medical is developing a product called Advanced Customization and Individualized Joint Prosthesis based on advanced technologies such as China National Bone Database and 3D Reconstruction. Compared with the existing customized joint prosthesis products, Chunli Medical can more effectively analyze and meet the specific needs of patients. In addition, in August, 2020, Chunli Medical was hired as the drafting unit of the Group Standardization Technical Committee of the 3D Printing Medical Device Professional Committee of China Medical Device Industry Association, and participated in the formulation of the group standards of 3D Printing Tantalum Metal Hip Prosthesis, 3D Printing Tantalum Metal Knee Prosthesis, 3D Printing Tantalum Metal Personalized Bone Defect Filler and 3D Printing Tantalum Metal Spinal Prosthesis, and was rated as the "Advanced Drafting Unit of the Group Standard of 3D Printing Medical Devices" by the professional committee.

　　New material technology: the company has carried out research and development on porous tantalum materials and magnesium materials. Compared with other prosthetic materials, porous tantalum has a unique bone-like structure, high porosity is conducive to bone growth, highly interconnected honeycomb structure provides extensive bone growth, high friction coefficient provides good initial stability of the implant, and its physical and mechanical properties are close to that of bone, so it is an ideal bone substitute material. The project "Development and Clinical Application of Porous Tantalum Bone Repair Materials and Implantable Products" declared by the company was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology as the key project of the National Key R&D Plan "Research and Development of Biomedical Materials and Repair and Replacement of Tissues and Organs" in 2020. In the "Tantalum Technology Series Product R&D Project", the company plans to prepare porous tantalum by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) and produce customized porous tantalum personalized bone defect filler. At present, it has obtained the acceptance notice of medical device registration application issued by National Medical Products Administration; In the "research and development project of dental series products", the company plans to design customized and individualized dental implant products with porous tantalum and complete the production conversion, which is currently in the design and inspection stage.

　　Biomedical magnesium alloy, as a representative of a new generation of biodegradable biomedical materials, has received extensive attention in recent years. At present, the listed products are mainly concentrated in foreign countries, and the indications are narrow. Compared with other medical metal materials, magnesium alloy has obvious advantages, such as good biodegradability, biological safety and biomechanical compatibility. The mechanical properties are similar to those of bone tissue, which can be degraded after being implanted in the body, avoiding the second operation to take out instruments, which is beneficial to revision surgery and reducing the economic burden and mental stress of patients. At present, the company’s "research and development of new biomedical materials series products" project is in the design stage.

　　To sum up, the company has made great efforts to research and develop related emerging technologies as innovative application directions, and the research and development work is progressing in an orderly manner.

　　(IV) Core technologies and R&D progress

　　1. Core technologies and their advanced features and changes during the reporting period.

　　The company has been focusing on the research and development, production and sales of implantable orthopedic medical devices. After years of research and development, the company has mastered a number of core technologies, including general upgrade technology and unique technology. Among them, universal upgrade technology is a technology based on universal technology or necessary technology, combined with Chinese bone characteristics, clinical needs and feedback, to optimize and upgrade product performance or technology; Unique technology is the core technology realized by the company based on R&D experience and future R&D planning through continuous research and development by relevant personnel. The core technologies mastered by the company include hip joint core technology, knee joint core technology, shoulder and elbow joint core technology, joint bone defect technology and spine core technology.

　　The details of the company’s main core technologies are as follows:

　　(1) Core technology of hip joint

　　The core technologies of hip joint mainly include low-friction joint interface technology, personalized biological femur technology, press-fit biological acetabulum technology and hip joint revision prosthesis filling technology.

　　Advanced technology of low-friction joint interface: ① Low-friction joint interface technology refers to the technology of improving the reliability and stability of ceramic parts and reducing the risk of broken ceramic parts by optimizing the processing technology of mortar cups and lining used with ceramics, thus prolonging the service life of artificial joints. ② During hip replacement, the straightness and roundness of products used with ceramic components should be strictly controlled, so as to avoid the uneven installation stress of ceramic components during clinical use and assembly, which will lead to the fragmentation of ceramic components. ③ At present, the machining tolerance of acetabular cup and polyethylene liner of most manufacturers in the market is difficult to meet the precision requirements of ceramic assembly. The machining accuracy of the straightness and roundness of the locking structure of ceramic liner and acetabular cup of our company is controlled at 0.007mm, and the machining error in the product processing process is controlled through special tooling and fixtures to ensure stability and consistency, prevent the ceramic components from being broken due to installation deformation during use, and at the same time, the more reliable locking mechanism enhances the anti-dropping ability of the prosthesis. ④ As far as ceramic materials are concerned, foreign giants and major domestic enterprises all adopt CeramTecGmbH bioceramic materials; As far as processing technology is concerned, the company is reliable in straightness and roundness, and there is no obvious gap between the company and the highest level in the industry.

　　Advance of personalized bio-femoral technology: ① Personalized bio-femoral technology refers to the technology of optimizing the neck length, eccentricity, proximal and distal dimensions of femoral prosthesis based on the basic data of Chinese physiology and anatomy, and cooperating with the tools corresponding to the press-fit relationship to obtain better medullary cavity matching, stability and anti-rotation performance. ② Based on the basic data of the bones around the hip joint in China collected in the "Chinese Bone Mapping Project", combined with this technology, a personalized biological femoral prosthesis suitable for the physiological anatomical structure of Chinese people is designed, which includes two neck shaft angles of 127 and 133, and each neck shaft angle is divided into two eccentric distances, with an interval of 0.5mm as a specification; There are 4 models and 100 specifications, and the size interval between adjacent specifications is small, which is highly matched with the patient’s medullary cavity. At the same time, the prosthesis has medial and lateral grooves designed based on the different load properties between the proximal bone and the prosthesis, which effectively improves the initial stability and anti-rotation performance of the prosthesis. The optimized lateral shoulder design of this kind of prosthesis can also be applied to minimally invasive surgery.

　　The advance of that press-fit biological acetabulum technology: ① the press-fit biological acetabulum technology refers to improve and optimizing the acetabulum design, so that the "equator" position of the acetabulum cup is stressed, the force transmission mode is optimized, and bet stability, component connection reliability, wear resistance and the like are obtained. ② The press-fit biological acetabular prosthesis designed in combination with this technology includes a acetabular cup and a acetabular lining. The outer surface of the acetabular cup is composed of a spherical cap, a hollow spherical table in the middle and a hollow spherical table at the bottom in turn, and its total height is lower than the bottom radius of the hollow spherical table at the bottom. When the prosthesis is installed, this design makes the "equator" position of the cup bear force, optimizes the transmission mode of force, and increases the initial and long-term stability of the prosthesis. The connection mode between the inner liner and the outer cup is taper press-fitting and slot locking, and the plum blossom anti-rotation design increases the connection reliability between the parts and enhances the stability between the two parts. And the service life and wear resistance of the prosthesis are improved. This technology can realize the universal matching between mortar cup and ceramic or polyethylene lining, which is convenient for clinical use.

　　Advanced filling technology of hip revision prosthesis: ① The filling technology of hip revision prosthesis refers to the technology of optimizing the filling design of acetabulum defect, making the shape and internal structure of the filler more suitable for the growth of cancellous bone and improving the compatibility between the filler and acetabulum. ② The prosthetic fillers for hip joint revision designed by this technology include crescent, L, round and other forms. The overall mesh structure design of the prosthesis forms a honeycomb structure with internal interconnection, and the pore size of its porous structure can reach 500 200 μ m; The diameter of porous structure of trabecular bone can reach 500 200 μ m; The porosity of trabecular bone porous structure is 50~80%, which can make cancellous bone grow into prosthesis quickly and firmly, and the elastic modulus of prosthesis is close to the physiological bone level of human body. After the implant of prosthesis filler using this technology, it conforms to the physiological stress distribution, reduces stress shielding to a greater extent and promotes bone growth; Moreover, the filler can be compatible with the total hip socket and used in combination, which is suitable for cases with acetabular defects of different degrees and meets the clinical needs of patients. (3) Influenced by technological conditions, the related parameters of acetabular reinforcement, such as aperture, wire diameter and porosity, affect the bone ingrowth effect. Compared with similar products in the current market, the company’s hip joint revision prosthesis filler meets the requirements of relevant national and industry standards, and its porous characteristics can better meet the conditions of bone growth, and its specifications and models are richer, which is conducive to meeting the needs of patients with different degrees of illness.

　　(2) Core technology of knee joint

　　The core technology of knee joint mainly includes high polishing anatomical tibial platform technology, optimized femoral condyle anterior condyle and patella pulley technology, semi-open femoral condyle intercondylar fossa technology and diversified platform pad technology.

　　Advanced technology of high polishing anatomical tibial platform: ① High polishing anatomical tibial platform technology refers to the technology of improving and optimizing the design of tibial platform and adopting high polishing in the internal groove of tibial platform support, which can reduce the wear between the platform pad and tibial platform support and prolong the service life of prosthesis. ② Based on the basic data of the bones around the knee joint in China collected in the "Chinese Bone Mapping Project", the anatomical tibial plateau designed with this technology has better coverage of the tibial osteotomy surface, which effectively reduces the risk of tibial plateau sinking; On the basis of the original locking mechanism, the central anti-rotation island structure is added to further reduce the fretting between the pad and the tibial tray, reduce the back wear of the pad and reduce the osteolysis; The double-wing design can not only increase the mechanical strength but also improve the anti-rotation stability of the prosthesis.

　　Advanced technology of optimized femoral condyle anterior condyle and patella pulley: ① The optimized femoral condyle anterior condyle and patella pulley technology means that by improving the design of femoral condyle, the femoral condyle anterior condyle of knee joint is thinned, and the left and right sides adopt arc design technology, which can reduce the friction of anterior patellar muscle ligament, reduce the pressure and wear of contact surface, and effectively avoid anterior patellar pain. ② The optimized design of patella pulley can extend, deepen and lengthen the patella pulley in the whole range of motion, which is helpful for the patella to enter the patella pulley as early as possible, and makes the patient less prone to patella dislocation, snapping and pain after operation.

　　Advanced technology of semi-open femoral condylar intercondylar fossa: ① semi-open femoral condylar intercondylar fossa technology refers to the technology of optimizing the design of intercondylar fossa, reducing the amount of bone cutting, achieving the purpose of bone preservation and reducing wear. ② The femoral condyle designed by this technology adopts semi-open intercondylar fossa design, which solves the problem of large intercondylar bone cutting and preserves the intercondylar bone mass to the greatest extent; At the same time, the intercondylar box structure adopts high polishing design, which can reduce the wear of the platform pad column to the greatest extent.

　　Advanced technology of diversified platform pad: ① By optimizing the design of knee platform pad, diversified platform pad technology can meet the needs of different patients while achieving better stability and reducing wear. ② The products designed with this technology include the platform pad without cruciate ligament and the platform pad with cruciate ligament. Among them, the platform pad without cruciate ligament is designed with aquiline nose, which effectively prevents the risk of dislocation during high flexion; A double joint surface combination is formed between the column and the cross beam, which reduces the pressure of the cross beam on the column and reduces the wear; When buckling, the contact surface between the beam and the column gradually moves down from top to bottom, and when the buckling degree is large, the beam contacts the bottom of the column; Reduce the impact force and effectively prevent the column from breaking. However, the gasket of CR-type platform pad with backward inclination of 3 degrees is suitable for patients with intact posterior cruciate ligament and bilateral collateral ligaments. CR deep disc table pad is designed with 0 back inclination angle and raised back lip of pad, which is suitable for patients with functional problems of posterior cruciate ligament and bilateral collateral ligaments.

　　(3) Core technology of shoulder and elbow joint

　　The core technology of shoulder and elbow joint mainly includes proximal humeral prosthesis design technology and distal humeral prosthesis design technology.

　　Advanced design technology of proximal humeral prosthesis: ① Anatomical humeral stem technology refers to the technology of improving the anti-rotation performance of prosthesis and prolonging the life of prosthesis by optimizing the shape of humeral stem of shoulder joint, the structural design and combination of osteotomy surface. ② During shoulder joint replacement, the fretting and rotation of the humeral stem can easily lead to osteolysis and the sinking of the humeral stem, which will affect the service life of the prosthesis. Combined with this technology, the design of the proximal ellipse of the shoulder joint prosthesis can effectively prevent the fretting caused by prosthesis implantation and avoid osteolysis. The disc design at the top of the prosthesis will cover the osteotomy surface after the prosthesis is implanted to prevent the prosthesis from sinking in the later stage; To some extent, it can prolong the service life of artificial joint, reduce the revision rate and relieve the pain of patients.

　　Advanced design technology of distal humerus prosthesis: ① Anatomical distal humerus technology refers to the technology of optimizing the shape and width of the lower humerus, reducing unnecessary bone cutting and ensuring postoperative bone integrity. ② In elbow replacement, when the humerus side is treated, the two sides of the treated humerus lower end are easy to break, which affects the stability of the prosthesis. The elbow humerus handle designed by combining this technology can effectively ensure the stability of the prosthesis after installation, and at the same time, reducing the width can adapt to more patients and improve the application range of the prosthesis.

　　(4) Repair technology of articular bone defect.

　　Joint bone defect repair technology mainly includes pelvic bone defect repair technology, knee joint bone defect repair technology and customized individualized bone defect repair technology.

　　Advanced pelvic bone defect repair technology: ① The pelvic bone defect repair technology is suitable for severe comminuted fracture of acetabulum, revision of acetabulum with a large number of bone defects, severe pelvic bone defects caused by pelvic tumors, etc. The pelvic prosthesis can better achieve limb preservation, and on this basis, it can realize the integration of prosthesis, bone and muscle in the state of severe pelvic bone defect. ② The acetabular prosthesis designed with this technology can be fused with acetabular bone in patients, and the acetabular prosthesis is more firmly fixed; The range of acetabular motion angle is large, which prevents acetabular prosthesis dislocation; The acetabular prosthesis can be assembled at will according to the conditions of different patients, which meets the needs of acetabular prosthesis of different patients; Can save limbs for patients and meet different osteotomy positions in hip and acetabular surgery, the acetabular prosthesis is consistent with the position and angle of the acetabulum in the original patient, and the function of the human body can be effectively and reliably reconstructed; The iliac buttress is provided with nail holes, so that the prosthesis can be firmly fixed with human bones, and the bone contact surface is of trabecular structure, which promotes human bones to grow into the pores, and further improves the firmness.

　　Advanced technology of knee joint bone defect repair: ① Through optimizing the product design, knee joint bone defect repair technology can restore the flexion and extension, internal and external rotation functions of knee joint under the condition of a large number of bone defects, and fully meet the activity needs of patients on the premise of limb preservation. ② The knee prosthesis designed with this technology is composed of femoral condyle, tibial plateau support, femoral marrow needle, tibial marrow needle, osteotomy section, etc. The convex articular surface of femur is in direct contact with the concave articular surface of tibia, which increases the contact surface of the joint and restores the flexion and extension and internal and external rotation functions of the knee joint. One end of the restraint is connected with the femur with a transverse shaft, and the other end of the restraint is directly inserted into the central hole of tibia to make the prosthesis achieve maximum stability. Bionic modeling is adopted to fully meet the requirements of patients’ activities on the premise of limb preservation, so that patients can recover as freely as before.

　　The advance of customized and individualized bone defect repair technology: ① customized and individualized bone defect repair technology can customize the joint prosthesis by using advanced digital processing technology to better meet the special needs of patients. ② The development of customized and individualized artificial joints makes up for the shortcomings in the field of artificial joints, so that patients with rare and difficult bone diseases can obtain unique personalized prostheses. Combined with this technology, the joint prosthesis designed can be customized through the reverse use of three-dimensional data, which can solve the problem that special diseases need special-shaped structures and complex structures. Taking clinical application as the cornerstone, it integrates clinical, mechanical design, materials, technology, machining and other multidisciplinary advanced technical means to achieve the purpose of mutual supplement and mutual promotion between individualized prosthesis and standard joint.

　　(5) Core technology of spine

　　The core techniques of spine mainly include posterior cervical nail plate fixation technique, omni-directional large angle screw technique and anterior cervical fixation technique.

　　The advance of cervical posterior screw-plate fixation technology: ① cervical posterior screw-plate fixation technology refers to that technology of optimize the structure of the fixation plate, which can not only play a supporting role, but also fuse the bones, thus avoiding the re-closing of the door after the posterior laminectomy. ② The products designed with this technology mainly include fixing plates and screws. Among them, a porous three-dimensional structure is formed on the inner side of the fixation plate opposite to the cervical vertebrae, which can induce the bone to grow in, so that the posterior cervical nail plate fixation device and the lamina are fused together, which is beneficial to the support and fusion of the lamina and solves the problem of closing the door after operation.

　　Advanced technology of omni-directional large-angle screw: ① omni-directional large-angle screw technology refers to the technology of improving the movable angle of screw to facilitate surgical implantation by optimizing the screw structure. ② The products designed in combination with this technology mainly include nail sleeves, fasteners, washers, locking nails, plugs, etc. Pedicle screws can obtain a unilateral swing angle of 50 degrees, which makes the implantation of connecting rods more convenient and flexible, and meets the needs of alignment of most doctors in clinical surgery and anatomical variation fixation.

　　Advance of anterior cervical fixation technology: ① Anterior cervical fixation technology refers to the technology of reducing the notch of anterior cervical bone plate by optimizing the structure of bone plate and locking ring, and reducing the swallowing difficulty of patients due to too high notch. ② The products designed with this technology mainly include bone plates and screws. Screw holes are formed in the bone plates, and screws can be implanted into the screw holes in the bone plates to connect the bone plates with vertebral bodies. Locking rings are embedded in the screw holes in the bone plates. After the screws are implanted into the screw holes in the bone plates, the locking rings contact with the nut positions of the screws and expand to lock the screws in the screw holes in the bone plates. The original locking nail is changed into the current screw self-locking structure, which reduces the risk of screw falling off, and adds positioning holes on the bone plate to prevent the bone plate from shifting when implanted.

　　During the reporting period, none of the above core technologies has changed.

　　2. R&D achievements obtained during the reporting period

　　As of December 31st, 2021, the company held 49 registration certificates and filing vouchers for producing medical devices (joint prosthesis products, spine products and sports medical products covering our four joints) in China, among which 16 were Class III medical device registration certificates, 4 were Class II medical device registration certificates and 29 were Class I medical device filing vouchers.

　　In terms of domestic registration, the company obtained the registration certificate of single condyle knee joint and patellofemoral joint prosthesis. In terms of international registration certificate, the company has obtained the CE certificate of expanded hip joint prosthesis, CE certificate of expanded knee joint prosthesis, EU free sales certificate of hip joint prosthesis and EU free sales certificate of knee joint prosthesis, and obtained the registration certificates of hip joint prosthesis, knee joint prosthesis and spine prosthesis in Syria, Iraq and Ecuador, the registration certificates of hip joint prosthesis and knee joint prosthesis in Turkey and the registration certificates of tumor hip joint prosthesis and tumor knee joint prosthesis in Mexico.

　　The company has obtained the transformation project of scientific and technological achievements in Tongzhou District, Beijing, the transformation project of tantalum modified biomedical titanium alloy materials, the industrialization project of patented technological achievements in Tongzhou District, the key support project of high-tech industry development in Tongzhou District in 2021, the registration certificate of spinal fusion cage and hip prosthesis, the key support project of high-tech industry development in Tongzhou District in 2022, the digital workshop construction project of orthopedic implants, and the research of porous tantalum artificial vertebral body in Beijing’s innovative studio project of outstanding young engineers. Company Post-Doctoral Research Center obtained the general project of China postdoctoral science fund "Study on Composite Modification of Ceramic Surface of Medical Zirconium Alloy and Its Service Performance", the project funded by Beijing postdoctoral research activities "Design of Multi-layer Membrane Structure and Study on Friction and Wear Behavior of Tantalum Modified Biomedical Titanium Alloy Surface" and the open project of State Key Laboratory "Preparation Technology and Performance Study of In-situ Oxidized Ceramic Layer on Biomedical Zirconium Alloy Surface".

　　A number of products developed by the company have obtained Beijing new product and new technology certificates, including 160 femoral stem (certificate number:

　　3. R&D investment table

　　Reasons for significant changes in total R&D investment compared with the previous year

　　Mainly because the company attaches importance to the research and development of new products, new technologies and new processes, and continues to increase the demonstration of R&D projects, the investment in R&D personnel salaries and other related expenses has increased; Based on the national joint collection situation, the company has increased the research and development of new pipelines such as joint surgery robot, sports medicine, PRP and oral cavity.

　　4. Research projects

　　5. R&D personnel

　　6. Other explanations

　　

　　Iii. Analysis of core competitiveness during the reporting period

　　(A) analysis of core competitiveness

　　During the reporting period, the company’s core competitiveness has not changed significantly.

　　1. Technical barriers to product design

　　① Implants with appropriate size, shape and design can significantly increase the success rate of orthopedic surgery, among which the main performance of joint products is to require its wear resistance and stability of bone interface, so as to prolong the service life of products. Among them, the improvement of wear performance is realized by the selection of friction materials and the design of joint construction, and the stability of bone interface is realized by surface treatment technology and the design of handle, cup and other parts. ② As one of the earliest enterprises in China to develop and produce advanced joint prosthesis products, based on clinical needs and doctors’ suggestions, the company has continuously improved its technical level through continuous research and statistical analysis of large-scale clinical data, and mastered mature experience in product design and development, from product market research, project establishment, drawing design and parametric programming, to product finite element analysis, mechanical test, biological or zoological verification, clinical trial, product functional test, and then to registration application and trial production.

　　2. Technical barriers to product processing

　　① The production and processing of orthopedic implanted medical devices involves many processes, such as blank forming, machining, surface treatment, laser marking, cleaning, sterilization and so on, which requires high quality and safety of products. ② The company has a relatively mature and perfect processing flow, with traditional materials-reducing processing equipment such as turning, milling, planing, grinding and drilling, and materials-increasing processing equipment such as metal printers and resin printers, so as to ensure that the processed products are qualified in all aspects and accurately control every link in the production process. ③ The company has mastered some new processing technologies. The mesh structure of 3D printing products can realize rapid and firm bone growth. The company has advanced 3D printing equipment and mastered more mature printing technology, which can print biological prostheses with excellent performance. In addition, the company has initially mastered the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, which can realize the production of some porous tantalum metal products.

　　3. Technical barriers to research and development of new materials

　　① Biomedical degradable magnesium and magnesium alloy products: Biomedical magnesium alloy, as a representative of a new generation of biodegradable biomedical materials, has received extensive attention in recent years. At present, the company’s research based on magnesium alloy is being carried out in an orderly manner. ② Porous tantalum: Compared with other prosthetic materials, porous tantalum metal products have a unique structure similar to bone, high porosity contributes to bone growth, highly interconnected honeycomb structure provides extensive bone growth, high friction coefficient provides good initial stability of implants, and its physical and mechanical properties are close to those of bones, so it is an ideal bone substitute material; At present, the company’s research based on porous tantalum is being carried out in an orderly manner. The project "Development and Clinical Application of Porous Tantalum Bone Repair Materials and Implantable Products" led by the company was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology as the key project of the national key R&D plan "Biomedical Materials R&D and Tissue Organ Repair and Replacement" in 2020.

　　(II) Events that have seriously affected the core competitiveness of the company during the reporting period, impact analysis and countermeasures.

　　

　　Fourth, risk factors

　　(A) Not yet profitable risk

　　(2) Risk of sharp decline in performance or loss

　　(C) core competitiveness risks

　　Orthopedic implanted medical devices stay in the human body for a long time, which requires high safety and needs to conform to the human bone structure. On the one hand, the ideal orthopedic implant material needs to have good biological properties such as biocompatibility, bioactivity and corrosion resistance, on the other hand, it needs to have good mechanical properties such as fatigue strength, mechanical stability, friction and wear performance. In recent years, new materials such as PEEK, degradable magnesium alloy and bioceramics have also appeared in clinical applications. The company has made corresponding layout for the research and development of new materials such as porous tantalum, magnesium alloy and PEEK, but there is still a certain gap compared with foreign giants. In the process of R&D, on the one hand, the company may face risks such as deviation in its own R&D direction, lagging R&D progress, and unsatisfactory R&D results, which may lead to an increase in R&D costs and time investment or even the suspension or failure of R&D projects; On the other hand, if the company’s R&D fails to achieve the expected material results and turn them into products, or the new materials cannot be effectively industrialized due to factors such as production technology and production cost, or the new materials cannot be successfully recognized by customers and markets, the company’s early R&D investment may not bring the company income or enhance its competitive advantage as expected, thus adversely affecting the company’s ability to continue to operate.

　　(4) Operational risks

　　(A) the risk of changes in sales model

　　The sales modes of the company’s main products include traditional distribution mode, two-vote distribution mode, distributor mode and direct sales mode. During the reporting period, the company’s sales model was mainly traditional distribution model. With the continuous expansion of the promotion scope of policies such as "two-vote system" and "purchasing with quantity", the revenue proportion of the company’s traditional distribution model will decrease year by year in the future. If the company can’t adapt to the changes of sales model in time and enhance the transformation ability of sales model, it will face the risk of blocked sales channels and customer loss.

　　(B) Market competition intensifies risks

　　The company’s main products are implantable orthopedic medical devices, and its end customers are medical institutions. For a long time, most of the domestic market share has been occupied by international brands such as Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic and Stryker. In recent years, with the technical progress and policy support, the trend of localization substitution is obvious.

　　However, the market share of domestic brands is still small, and domestic brands are facing fierce competition. The company must improve its product innovation and R&D strength according to market changes and industry development trends, so as to maintain its competitive advantage and develop steadily in the rapidly changing market environment. If the company fails to accurately grasp the development trend of the industry or correctly respond to the sudden changes in market competition in the future, it will face the risk of declining market share and product prices brought about by intensified market competition.

　　(C) the risk of declining market demand for implantable orthopedic medical devices

　　In recent years, with the acceleration of social aging in China, the number of patients with orthopedic diseases has accelerated, and the market scale of implantable orthopedic medical devices has also increased. In this context, during the reporting period, the company’s sales model increased year by year and maintained a high growth rate. If the disease spectrum or treatment methods change in the future, the clinical demand for implantable orthopedic devices will decrease or the medical insurance budget will decrease, which will lead to the decline of the market model of the company’s main products, which may adversely affect the company’s operation.

　　(D) Risk of income growth decline or fluctuation

　　From 2018 to 2021, the company’s operating income increased rapidly year by year, maintaining a good upward trend. Affected by the epidemic in 2020-2021, the growth rate of the company’s operating income declined. In the future, the company may fail to effectively expand sales channels, increase market share or promote R&D projects due to changes in macroeconomic environment, repeated epidemics, intensified product market competition and poor internal management of the company. The above situation may lead to a decline in the growth rate of the company’s operating income or a certain degree of fluctuation.

　　In September, 2021, the state organized the Joint Procurement Office of High-value Medical Consumables to publicize the results of this national procurement with quantity, and the terminal prices of the products to be selected by Chunli Medical and other selected manufacturers all dropped significantly. It is expected that the price reduction pressure will be further transmitted to the distribution price after the implementation of the procurement with quantity in the future. If the increase in the company’s sales volume cannot make up for the decline in the distribution price, the company may experience a decline in revenue and profits.

　　(E) Risk of supplier dependence

　　From 2018 to 2021, the company’s largest supplier accounted for a relatively high proportion of the total procurement in the current period. The specific products purchased by the company from CeramTecGmbH are ceramic ball heads, ceramic linings, etc. During the reporting period, the company increased the promotion of high-end products such as ceramic joint prostheses. In view of the high stability requirements of ceramic joint prostheses, the company chose CeramTecGmbH as the qualified supplier of ceramic parts of the company, and did not purchase similar products from other suppliers, so there was some supplier dependence. If we can’t reach an agreement with CeramTecGmbH on commercial terms in the future, or because of natural disasters, international trade disputes and other force majeure factors, CeramTecGmbH can no longer provide ceramic ball heads and ceramic linings to the company, which will adversely affect the company’s production and operation.

　　(VI) Lease risks of production and business premises

　　During the reporting period, part of the real estate used by the company for production and operation was acquired through leasing. If the lease cannot be renewed normally upon expiration, the rent is greatly increased during the lease renewal, or the lessor breaches the contract during the lease process, it may have a certain adverse impact on the normal production or operating costs of the company.

　　(seven) the risk of core materials relying on a single overseas supplier.

　　During the reporting period, the ceramic ball heads and ceramic linings used in the company’s ceramic joint prosthesis products were purchased from CeramTecGmbH. CeramTecGmbH is an advanced supplier of ceramic materials headquartered in Germany. Mainstream joint manufacturers at home and abroad, including Johnson & Johnson, Xerox, Stryker, Jiemai Bangmei, Aikang Medical, Chunli Medical and Weigao Orthopaedics, all purchase ceramic materials from the company. Due to international political and other force majeure factors, the supply of imported raw materials may be delayed, limited or the price may be raised. If the company can’t get enough raw material supply in time, the normal production and operation of the company may be adversely affected. At the same time, affected by international trade disputes, there is a risk that the purchase price will increase due to the increase of tariffs.

　　(VIII) external processing Risk

　　During the reporting period, the company’s spraying, basic machining, sterilization, surface treatment and other processes were mainly produced by outsourcing. If the company fails to effectively implement the outsourcing management measures, it may bring certain risks to product quality and delivery time; At the same time, if the outsourcing manufacturers fail to provide products with good quality and quantity according to the agreement, or violate the agreement, the company’s technical and commercial secrets will be leaked, which will have an adverse impact on the company’s production and operation.

　　(9) Risks not included in the procurement catalogue with quantity

　　In May 2019, the eighth meeting of the Central Committee for Deep Reform deliberated and adopted the Reform Plan for Managing High-value Medical Consumables. In July of the same year, the General Office of the State Council issued the Reform Plan for Managing High-value Medical Consumables, proposing: "For high-value medical consumables with large clinical consumption, high purchase amount, mature clinical use and produced by many enterprises, we should explore centralized procurement according to categories, encourage medical institutions to jointly carry out quantity negotiation procurement, and actively explore cross-provincial alliance procurement. Many provinces across the country have successively carried out pilot procurement of high-value consumables. On November 20th, 2020, the National Medical Insurance Bureau’s Medical Price and Bidding Guidance Center issued the Notice on Developing the Fast Data Collection and Price Monitoring of the Second Batch of Centralized Procurement of High-value Medical Consumables. The products involved in the second batch of centralized procurement include the following categories: artificial hip joint, artificial knee joint, defibrillator, occluder, orthopedic materials and stapler.

　　On April 1st, 2021, the Office of Joint Procurement of High-value Medical Consumables organized by the State issued the Notice on Information Collection of Some Orthopedic High-value Medical Consumables. On the basis of collecting the purchasing data of medical institutions in the early stage, in order to further understand the market situation of orthopedic high-value medical consumables, it is planned to carry out the information collection of orthopedic high-value medical consumables in batches. The first batch of high-value medical consumables such as artificial hip joint and artificial knee joint were collected.

　　On June 21st, 2021, the Office of Joint Procurement of High-value Consumables organized by the State issued the Announcement of National Centralized Procurement of Artificial Joints (No.1), and on August 23rd, 2021, it officially issued the Procurement Document of National Centralized Procurement of Artificial Joints, giving a comprehensive explanation on the product categories, procurement rules and bidding rules of this centralized procurement. The company won the bid for group A of ceramic-ceramic hip joint product system, group B of ceramic-polyethylene hip joint product system and alloy-polyethylene hip joint product system, but failed to win the bid for initial total knee replacement. The company’s inventory is relatively high, and it failed to replace the artificial total knee joint product system for the first time in the national procurement bidding with quantity. If the company can’t take corresponding remedial measures, the market demand will drop rapidly, and the company’s related products will face the risk of unsalable sales that are not included in the procurement catalogue with quantity.

　　(ten) the spine business scale is small, and the risk of losing the bid in the procurement with quantity.

　　At present, many provinces in China have implemented the purchasing policy of joint products, and Anhui Province has also introduced the purchasing of spine products. In the future, more provinces may introduce the purchasing of spine products. The overall scale of the company’s spine business is small, which has a certain impact on the company’s spine products to participate in the procurement with quantity, and there are certain disadvantages in the bidding competition, so investors should pay attention to the related risks.

　　(eleven) the uncertainty risk in the process of import substitution.

　　Although the overall gap between domestic orthopedic implantable medical device companies and international orthopedic implantable medical device giants is narrowing year by year, in the domestic and international markets, international giants still occupy the dominant position with strong technical strength, research and development capabilities, capital supply capabilities, brand influence and higher trust. With the gradual advancement of import substitution trend, both sides are also in a state of coexistence of competition and cooperation. In the process of import substitution, there is a certain gap between the company and international giants in terms of business scale, product technology, production capacity and brand building, and they will face certain challenges. In the future, the company will have certain uncertain risks in the process of import substitution.

　　(V) Financial risks

　　(A) the risk of a large balance of accounts receivable

　　From 2018 to 2021, the company’s accounts receivable balance continued to grow. If major adverse changes occur in the operating conditions of major customers and industry settlement methods, it may lead to overdue accounts receivable, bad debts or further extension of the accounts receivable recovery cycle, thus adversely affecting the company’s sustainable profitability.

　　(VI) Industry risks

　　The company is mainly engaged in the research and development, production and sales of implantable orthopedic medical devices, and its medical device industry must be fully supervised and managed by the National Development and Reform Commission, National Health Commission, National Medical Products Administration and other competent departments. Domestic enterprises engaged in research and development, manufacturing, management and use of medical devices should follow the regulations of medical device product classification management system, medical device product registration system, medical device production enterprise filing or licensing system, medical device management enterprise filing or licensing system, medical device management quality management standard, etc. The export sales of medical device products are also affected by the relevant policies of importing countries.

　　In recent years, policy changes at home and abroad have also caused multiple policy risks to the company, including:

　　(A) "quantity procurement" brought about by the risk of product terminal price decline

　　In July 2019, the General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Reform Plan for the Management of High-value Medical Consumables, exploring "procurement with quantity" in the field of high-value medical consumables. Up to now, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong and other provinces have issued and implemented the policy plan of "procurement with quantity" and implemented the bidding procedures involving joint products. Except for the company’s failure to win the bid for the "quantity procurement" of hip joints in Jiangsu Province in 2019, the "quantity procurement" of other provinces and related joint products won the bid. According to the current situation of winning the bid, the winning bid price of related products has mostly decreased to a certain extent compared with the price before "purchasing with quantity", which further led to a certain degree of decline in the ex-factory price of the company in some provinces.

　　In June, 2021, the National Joint Procurement Office of High-value Consumables issued the Announcement of National Centralized Procurement of Artificial Joints, Announcement of National Centralized Procurement of Artificial Joints (No.1), and in August, 2021, it officially issued the Procurement Document of National Centralized Procurement of Artificial Joints, and carried out the bidding work of national procurement of initial total hip replacement and initial total knee replacement. September 2021

　　In June, the state organized the Joint Procurement Office of High-value Medical Consumables to publicize the results of this national procurement with quantity. According to the public information, the average price of the hip joint terminal to be selected dropped by 80%, and the average price of the knee joint terminal dropped by 84%. The company successfully won the bid for "Ceramic-Ceramic Hip Joint Product System", "Ceramic-Polyethylene Hip Joint Product System" and "Alloy-Polyethylene Hip Joint Product System" at a relatively high price, but the price was significantly lower than that before the "quantity purchase". The company’s "knee joint product system" failed to win the bid because of its high quotation. The decline in the price of hip joint terminal and the failure to win the bid for knee joint will be transmitted to dealers and companies, and the subsequent distribution price of the company will also be reduced. If the increase in sales volume cannot make up for the decline in distribution price, the company may experience a decline in revenue and profit. In addition, if the company’s distribution price is too high, squeezing the dealer’s profit will affect the dealer’s willingness to cooperate, or returning the goods due to the termination of the dealer’s business with the company and negotiation, it may have a certain impact on the company’s profitability.

　　(B) The risk of knee joint products failing to win the bid for national procurement with quantity.

　　On September 14th, 2021, the State organized the Joint Procurement Office of High-value Medical Consumables to publicize the selected results of the national procurement of artificial joints, and the company failed to win the bid in the "knee joint product system". In 2021, Beijing Bestar Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Bestar") obtained the "Record Certificate for Entrusted Production of Medical Devices" issued by Beijing Drug Administration, allowing our company to produce Bestar’s knee prosthesis as the trustee. Bethesda’s knee joint prosthesis won the bid in this collective procurement, and our company obtained the power of attorney from Bethesda (No.:BSD21-09- China -01-265), which authorized our company to sell its knee joint products in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Through the cooperation with Bestar, our company reduced the decline in profitability caused by the failure of our knee joint products to win the bid.

　　(C) Risk of changes in domestic and foreign industrial policies

　　The company is a medical device manufacturer, and its domestic sales revenue is the main source of its main business income. The domestic business development is strictly supervised by National Medical Products Administration and other competent departments. In 2018, the National Health and Family Planning Commission and other six ministries and commissions jointly issued the Notice on Consolidating and Breaking the Achievements of Supplementing Medicine with Medicine and Deepening the Comprehensive Reform of Public Hospitals, further clarifying the implementation of the "two-vote system" for the purchase and sale of high-value medical consumables. With the change of the sales model brought about by the two-vote system, the company is faced with changes in operating conditions such as longer receivable payment cycle and increased sales expenses corresponding to unit sales revenue. If the company fails to formulate effective countermeasures in time according to the changes in the "two-vote system" policy, it may have an impact on the sales and operation of its products.

　　In addition, policies such as medical insurance reimbursement and centralized procurement have been introduced in China, and policies such as DRGs and "one-vote system" have been actively explored. In 2021, eight ministries and commissions, including the National Medical Insurance Bureau and the National Health and Wellness Commission, jointly formulated the "Pilot Program for Deepening the Reform of Medical Service Price", with the goal of exploring and forming replicable and scalable medical service price reform experience through three to five years of pilot. In addition, the company is also actively exploring foreign markets, and the development of overseas business is strictly supervised by the competent authorities of relevant countries and regions. For example, the new version of the medical device regulation MDR passed by the European Union in March 2017, at this stage, some matters in the new MDR regulations have not yet been clearly defined, and there are certain risks of policy uncertainty.

　　In the future, the importance attached to the medical device industry at home and abroad will be further enhanced, and relevant regulations and policies will be issued in the aspects of industry standards, bidding, centralized procurement and circulation system. If the company can’t keep up with the development of industrial policies, study the requirements of new policies in advance, do a good job in coping with the New Deal, and continue to carry out technological innovation and product upgrading, the company may face the risk of falling product market prices, which in turn will lead to a decline in gross profit margin, which will adversely affect the company’s future profitability. The company will pay close attention to the trend of centralized purchasing policy, continuously strengthen production and management, enhance the company’s product innovation ability and comprehensive strength, strengthen market promotion, consolidate existing markets, develop new markets, and strive to increase market share.

　　(VII) Macro-environmental risks

　　In the future, the company may fail to effectively expand sales channels, increase market share or promote R&D projects due to changes in macroeconomic environment, repeated epidemics and intensified competition in the product market. The above situation may lead to a decline in the growth rate of the company’s operating income or a certain degree of fluctuation.

　　(8) Risks related to depositary receipts

　　(9) Other major risks.

　　

　　V. Main operations during the reporting period

　　The year 2021 is the year when China has built a well-off society in an all-round way, and it is also the first year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan. Standing at the historical intersection of the goal of "two hundred years", facing the global COVID-19 epidemic and the national joint "purchasing with quantity" environment, under the strong leadership of the board of directors, all employees of the company actively responded to the risks and challenges in operation, forged ahead, continued to reform, accelerated the research and development progress of new materials, new processes and new products, and actively expanded new pipelines to adapt to the new normal of epidemic and centralized procurement.

　　By December 31, 2021, the company achieved an operating income of 1,108,139,500 yuan in 2021, an increase of 18.18% year-on-year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies and the net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies after deducting non-recurring gains and losses were 322,360,700 yuan and 307,693,000 yuan respectively, with year-on-year increases of 13.76% and 11.22% respectively.

　　The company’s main operating conditions are normal and its operating performance is stable. There have been no major changes in the company’s business model, the purchase scale and price of major raw materials, the production and sales scale and price of major products, the composition of major customers and suppliers, tax policies, etc., and there have been no other major events that may affect investors’ judgment.

　　VI. The Company’s Discussion and Analysis on the Company’s Future Development

　　(A) the company’s development strategy

　　Relying on the national industrial policy of encouraging domestic (or) instrument products, and relying on years of accumulated industry experience and technical advantages, the company is committed to developing and producing joint prostheses, spinal implants and other products with excellent performance, and strives to become a world-class comprehensive medical orthopedic instrument manufacturer as soon as possible.

　　(3) Business plan

　　1, the rational use of capital market financing tools to enhance the company’s financing ability.

　　With the help of the capital market platform, the company will broaden the channels of capital operation, enhance the visibility of enterprises, enhance the ability to resist risks, enhance competitiveness and industrial integration, and rationally use the financing tools in the capital market to enhance the company’s financing ability, which is conducive to further promoting the company’s business development and helping the company’s long-term sustainable development in the future.

　　2, continuous talent introduction and training, to create a compound professional talent echelon.

　　The company will continue to implement the people-oriented human resources strategy, introduce and effectively cultivate compound talents on the basis of the existing talent team, cultivate cross-knowledge structures in marketing and academic promotion, research and development, production and comprehensive management, and establish a marketing system with flexible organization and project management as the leading direction to meet the needs of the rapid development of the industry and the company. The company will further establish a standardized and professional training system, strengthen employee on-the-job training and follow-up education and training, fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of employees, give full play to their potential, and actively cultivate their expertise to achieve sustained and healthy development with the company.

　　3. Improve the construction of R&D platform and effectively promote the overall layout of products.

　　Based on the existing R&D capabilities, the company plans to build a multi-functional R&D platform that can meet the company’s long-term R&D requirements, and improve the company’s independent R&D capabilities and new product R&D efficiency. In the future, after the R&D center project of the company is completed and put into use, the company will make full use of advanced hardware conditions, rationally use R&D funds to effectively invest in the research and development of new products, improve the R&D transformation ability, further enrich and optimize the company’s product pipeline, and better provide orthopedic implanted medical devices with high quality and strong applicability for patients with orthopedic diseases.

　　4. Improve the construction of marketing network.

　　In the future, the company will further improve its marketing network, meet the growing demand of the downstream market and consolidate and expand its market share in combination with the expansion of its production capacity.

　　After the completion of the new marketing network project, the coverage and radiation level of the company’s marketing network will be further strengthened. The construction of marketing training center will provide systematic support for the clinical promotion and doctor training of the company’s products, and promote the brand promotion of the company in an all-round way and enhance the brand image of the company. The rapid expansion of marketing and distribution outlets will help the company quickly respond to the needs of terminal medical institutions and provide matching products for personalized orthopedic surgery in time. The marketing network information system, the newspaper station system and the customer management system will further strengthen the company’s management ability to customers, distributors and terminal hospitals and improve the level of information management.