爱上海419论坛-阿拉上海后花园论坛-上海龙凤shlf1314-夜上海最新论坛社区

　　The press conferences of the National People’s Congress and the National People’s Congress contained a lot of information about tax reduction and fee reduction, consumption promotion, private enterprise financing and pension pressure & HELIP; … A series of economic hot topics that everyone is concerned about have responses here. Xiaobian walks into the press conference with you. Ask and answer quickly ↓ ↓ ↓

　　Economic trend

　　 How to predict the economic trend this year?

　　 He Lifeng, Director of the National Development and Reform Commission: The national economic trend has progressed steadily this year.

　　 The current economic situation is generally stable, stable and changeable, but the overall trend is still steady and progressive.

　　 On the stable side: the main economic indicators are stable. Last year, the GDP increased by about 1.4 trillion US dollars, ranking first among the top five economies in the world. Stable employment, with 13.61 million new jobs in cities and towns throughout the year; 13.86 million people were steadily lifted out of poverty; In addition, there are stable exchange rates and stable foreign exchange reserves.

　　 Progress: the reform of the party and state institutions is unprecedented, but it is progressing smoothly; In the ranking of the World Bank’s business environment, China has risen from 78th to 46th, up 32nd place a year, and may make even greater progress this year.

　　 What is the "main course" in the "big meal" of tax reduction?

　　 Minister of Finance Liu Kun: Deepening VAT reform is the core content of tax reduction and fee reduction this year.

　　 Reducing taxes and fees is the top priority of this year’s active fiscal policy. Deepening the reform of value-added tax is the core content of tax reduction and fee reduction this year, which is what you call the "main course".

　　 We will reduce the current tax rate of 16% for enterprises such as manufacturing to 13%, and the current tax rate of 10% for industries such as transportation and construction to 9% to ensure that the tax burden of major industries is significantly reduced.

　　 Adjusting the value-added tax rate to 13%, 9% and 6% will be conducive to continuing to promote the three-level and two-level VAT rate.

　　 Has consumption been downgraded?

　　 Ning Ji Zhe, Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission: The consumption structure is upgrading

　　 Compared with the previous year, the growth rate of total retail sales of social consumer goods did slow down slightly last year, but it still increased by 9%, which is not low.

　　 The consumption structure has been upgraded, and the proportion of food expenditure reflecting the upgrading of consumption structure in the total consumption expenditure has dropped below 30% the year before last, and it was 28.4% last year, reaching the level of higher-income countries.

　　 The fundamentals of China’s sustained consumption expansion have not changed.

　　 This year, we will promote the scrapping and updating of old cars, continue to implement the purchase policy of new energy vehicles, and accelerate the commercial deployment of "5G".

　　 What are the new measures in promoting consumption this year?

　　 Zhong Shan, Minister of Commerce: Solving the Problems of Difficult and Expensive Hiring Nannies in Large and Medium-sized Cities

　　 This year, the Ministry of Commerce should pay attention to three things in promoting consumption: First, promote urban consumption and promote consumption upgrading. Transform and upgrade a number of pedestrian streets and optimize the layout of convenience stores. The second is to expand rural consumption and promote "agricultural products entering the city and industrial products going to the countryside". The third is to develop service consumption and optimize service supply.

　　 Looking at it now, the aged care service is an obvious shortcoming. Another shortcoming is the domestic service in the city. Especially in large and medium-sized cities, it is difficult and expensive to hire a nanny. It is very difficult to hire a good nanny and a satisfactory nanny. In the next step, we will continue to do a good job in this area.

　　 How to boost the confidence of private enterprises?

　　 Liu Shijin, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference: Private enterprises should have equal development conditions and a level playing field.

　　 We should have confidence in the major policy of supporting the development of private enterprises. The major policy of supporting the development of the private economy cannot be changed, nor should it be changed, nor can it be changed.

　　 The development of private economy depends on policies and the rule of law. I have also heard from some private enterprises that what we are asking for is actually not any extra preferential treatment or special care, let alone a partial meal. What we want is conditions for equal development and an environment for fair competition.

　　 It is necessary to effectively solve the hidden rules of formal equality and actual inequality. For example, this is true in terms of loans and deleveraging.

　　 Opening to the outside world should also be open to the inside, for example, to private enterprises. An industry, as long as capable enterprises in Chinese and China are allowed to do it, few industries say that enterprises in China are not competitive.

　　 How does this year’s fiscal and taxation policy support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises?

　　 Liu Wei, Vice Minister of Finance: All enterprises with total assets of less than 50 million have the conditions to be recognized as small and meager profit enterprises.

　　 It is a very big policy to adjust the identification standard of small and low-profit enterprises. Those with total assets of less than 50 million have the conditions to be recognized as small and meager profit enterprises; The number of people is determined to be less than 300; There is also taxable income, which used to be less than 1 million, but now it is all mentioned below 3 million.

　　 After the adjustment, the key is to increase the preferential income tax. There is also the threshold for raising small-scale taxpayers of value-added tax, which was originally 30 thousand, and now it is mentioned as 100 thousand.

　　 We also stipulate that local governments can halve the current six local taxes. Further expanding the scope of application of preferential tax policies for start-up technology-based enterprises can expand as much as possible.

　　 How to solve the problem of "difficult and expensive financing" for small and micro enterprises?

　　 Pan Gongsheng, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China and director of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange: Adhere to precise support and prevent sudden lending.

　　 In the process of supporting small and micro enterprises and private enterprises in financing, we should pay attention to market rules, adhere to accurate support, and select those private enterprises that are in line with the national industrial development direction, whose main business is relatively concentrated in the real economy, advanced technology, products have a market, and temporarily encounter difficulties to give key support, prevent blind support and surprise lending, and enhance the ability to prevent and control future financial risks.

　　 How does social capital participate in the mixed reform of state-owned enterprises?

　　 Lian Weiliang, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission: Social capital can hold state-owned enterprises in the field of complete competition

　　 Open the door to entry: mix reform in key areas and encourage social capital to enter. Mixed reform in the field of perfect competition, allowing social capital to hold shares.

　　 Improve the quality of reform: promoting all mixed reform enterprises can really build a perfect corporate governance structure.

　　 Protection of existing rights and interests: protect the property rights and legitimate rights and interests of all shareholders equally, and truly ensure that all shareholders speak according to their capital and exercise their rights according to their shares.

　　 The channel of smooth retreat: it is necessary to allow all kinds of social capital to enter in an orderly manner, but also to withdraw according to law.

　　 What is the current development of the credit system?

　　 Chen Yulu, deputy governor of China People’s Bank: Mother-in-law’s choice of son-in-law depends on the credit record.

　　 The construction of China’s credit system is a two-wheel drive of "government+market". At present, there are 125 enterprise credit reporting agencies and 97 credit rating agencies in the market, and more than 80% of these institutions are invested by private capital. Baixing Credit Information is the first market-oriented personal credit information agency in China. At present, Baixing Credit Information has signed up to access the credit information of more than 600 institutions, and officially launched three credit information service products such as personal credit report in January this year.

　　 Credit information service is now entering the social field more and more. For example, the daughter is looking for a boyfriend, and the mother-in-law asks her son-in-law to bring the credit information records of the People’s Bank of China. Now, the first two inquiries of the People’s Bank of China’s credit records are free, and the online inquiry of the simplified records is also free. You can try it.

　　 How to crack down on dishonesty such as counterfeiting, academic misconduct, and Lao Lai?

　　 Lian Weiliang, Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission: Increase the intensity of joint punishment for dishonesty

　　 An important reason for the high incidence of dishonesty is that the cost of dishonesty is too low. The next step will highlight "three efforts":

　　 First, efforts should be made to increase the joint punishment for dishonesty, so that relevant market players can’t, can’t and don’t want to break their promises. Second, efforts should be made to expand the joint incentive of trustworthiness, and this year we will focus on improving the system and mechanism of "benefiting trustworthy people everywhere". Third, focus on building a new supervision mechanism with credit as the core, and increase the proportion and frequency of spot checks on market entities with high risk of dishonesty.

　　 How to avoid the problem of difficult pension payment in some provinces last year?

　　 Minister of Finance Liu Kun: It can ensure that pensions are paid in full and on time.

　　 At present, the national social insurance fund as a whole has more income than expenditure, and the scale of accumulated balance still keeps growing.

　　 There are indeed some provinces in China where the pressure of fund balance is relatively high. Last year, the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees was established, which alleviated the problem of uneven burden of funds in various places to some extent.

　　 This year, the adjustment will be further strengthened, and the adjustment ratio will be raised to 3.5%. It is estimated that the size of the central adjustment fund will reach about 600 billion yuan in the whole year, further alleviating the pressure on the income and expenditure of funds in individual provinces.

　　 Pension is the "life-saving money" entrusted by ordinary people to the state management. Judging from the arrangement of endowment insurance funds this year, all provinces can achieve a balance.

　　Recently, a message that a teacher in Maqu County, Gansu Province, "Gesangjia" donated clothes for poor children was forwarded many times on the Internet. Beijing Youth Daily reporter found that the information had been rumored as early as two years ago. The staff of the Propaganda Department of Maqu County Committee introduced that two years ago, many caring people sent clothes to the local area, and multi-departmental joint investigations have released rumors.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily found out that there have been many old rumors coming back from the dead on the Internet. According to this expert, rumors should be thoroughly dispelled. Not only should rumors be released, but rumors should also be deleted through technical means to prevent them from coming back from the dead.

　　It is a rumor that teachers in Gansu collect clothes for poor children.

　　In the past few days, a message that Gansu teacher "Gesangjia" donated clothes for poor children was widely forwarded in the circle of friends. The fundraising message reads, "I am a teacher in Gansu, named Gesangjia. We are poor here, and the children at school really need clothes, because they are too poor to buy clothes and shoes, especially in autumn and winter, and the children are still so thin and sad. I can only send this post with my meager strength, hoping to get the help of kind people, old and new. Gannan, Gansu, is also one of the regions with the highest altitude in the world. If there are old clothes and shoes of children aged six to twelve around you, just wash them. Children of this age are too short of clothes. "

　　The address left by the fundraising information is a primary school in Cairima Township, Maqu County, Gansu Province. This message also specifically States that "the post office has a caring donation service and sending parcels is free". The reporter of Beiqing Daily dialed the phone number of teacher Gesangjia on the fundraising information, and the phone belongs to Liuzhou, Guangxi, not Gansu. After dialing, the number has been busy, and the number has been marked as a fraud number by many people.

　　On the 16th, a joint rumor platform in Gansu issued a document saying that the Maqu County Public Security Bureau verified that the news was false.

　　This rumor has appeared in 2017.

　　In fact, this rumor appeared as early as 2017 and was refuted by the Maqu County Public Security Bureau.

　　On the 19th, a staff member surnamed Zhang of the Propaganda Department of Maqu County Committee told Beiqing Daily that when the news spread on the Internet two years ago, many caring people believed it and sent a lot of clothes to Maqu County through the post office. Because the information was inaccurate, the post office staff didn’t know how to deliver it, so they reported it to the local government.

　　After receiving the news, Maqu County Public Security Bureau, Education Science and Technology Bureau and other departments investigated the news. According to Zhang’s staff, there is a primary school in Cairima Township, Maqu County, but it is not the school in the information. After investigation, there is indeed a teacher named "Gesangjia" in Tserima Township. After checking with him, Mr. Gesangjia has never released the information of collecting clothes.

　　In addition, the police of Maqu County Public Security Bureau first inquired about the telephone number left in the message, and found that the mobile phone number was not "Gannan area of Gansu" at all, but Liuzhou area of Guangxi, and the prompt was empty. Subsequently, the Netan police of Maqu County Public Security Bureau searched for relevant news on social software such as Post Bar, Weibo and Forum, and found that there had been similar news on the Internet for a long time, and some public security organs determined it as false news.

　　The staff surnamed Zhang told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that there are many local assistance policies, and there is no situation that children can’t wear clothes at all. In addition, even if funding information is to be released, it is released by the local civil affairs bureau through official channels, and it is impossible for individuals to release funding information.

　　Experts believe that rumors should be thoroughly clean.

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily found that there are still many old rumors that have been repeatedly spread like "Teacher Gesangjia raises clothes for poor students". In 2018, a cable car in Zhangjiajie caught fire and 17 tourists changed ‘ Roasted duck ’ " The message appeared on the network with photos.

　　In fact, this is a cable car accident in March 2015 in Palestine caused by tourists setting off firecrackers in the cable car, and it was "Zhang Guan Li Dai" to Zhangjiajie. There have been many rumors in the local area, but every once in a while, people post them again on the Internet.

　　Coincidentally, the rumor that a college entrance examination candidate Sun Chao’s ID card was left in a taxi is also constantly spreading and new. Every college entrance examination season, there will always be similar news, but the candidates are located in different places.

　　Why do some old rumors continue to spread after rumors are dispelled? In this regard, the reporter of Beiqing Daily consulted Zhu Wei, deputy director of the Communication Law Center of China University of Political Science and Law.

　　Zhu Xi told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the reason why the old rumors appeared repeatedly was mainly because the rumors were not thorough enough. "Rumors are not just a process from A to B and point to point," Zhu Wei said. Due to the communication characteristics of the Internet, it is not enough to just publish rumors. Zhu Wei believes that the old rumors are dead but not stiff or resurrected after death because they have not been deleted. Many netizens haven’t seen the rumor information, and rumors still exist on major platforms, so people who don’t know the truth will continue to spread these rumors after a while.

　　In this regard, the network platform should bear the corresponding responsibility. Zhu Wei told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that the main responsibility of the network platform includes technical responsibility, which means that not only rumor information should be released, but also rumor information should be deleted. Those who continue to spread rumors should be dealt with seriously, such as titles and cancellation of accounts. In addition, you can also remind netizens who may spread rumors through technical means that the information has been rumored, and if it is spread, it may be blocked.

　　In addition, Zhu Wei told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that if false rumors about disasters, epidemics, warnings and dangers are spread, it involves the scope of the crime of spreading false information, which is a serious violation of the criminal law.

The words "copyright cockroach", "patent attack" and "malicious registration and hoarding of trademarks" mainly refer to some people who abuse their rights to maliciously or falsely file intellectual property lawsuits. According to the data disclosed by the Supreme People’s Court, the number of first-instance cases of disputes over liability for damages caused by malicious intellectual property litigation accepted by national courts increased from 74 in 2022 to 152 in 2023, an increase of 105.41%.

Pan Yue, deputy to the National People’s Congress

"The malicious litigation of intellectual property rights will not only lead to the products of the injured enterprises being taken off the shelves, unsalable or unable to be listed, but also indirectly affect the market position of these enterprises." Pan Yue, a deputy to the National People’s Congress, a professor in the Department of Finance of Xiamen University School of Economics and a doctoral supervisor, is very concerned about malicious lawsuits in the field of intellectual property rights. She told reporters that if some malicious lawsuits are not found and handled in time, they may lead to follow suit, seriously undermining the market economic order and damaging social integrity.

Ma Yide, deputy to the National People’s Congress

"In the past few years, due to changes in the international environment and the impact of the epidemic, the vast number of private enterprises, especially small and medium-sized private enterprises, have encountered many difficulties, and some abuses of intellectual property rights have made honest operators worse. At present, it is urgent to strengthen the accuracy and effectiveness of intellectual property protection, regulate the abuse of intellectual property rights, help enterprises solve problems and tide over difficulties, and boost market confidence. " Ma Yide, deputy to the National People’s Congress and dean of the School of Intellectual Property of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes.

It is understood that since July 2022, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate has deployed a one-and-a-half-year special supervision work to punish malicious intellectual property litigation according to law, requiring local procuratorial organs to fully perform their legal supervision duties in criminal, civil, administrative and public interest litigation of intellectual property rights, and to supervise mass rights protection, abuse of rights and false litigation.

Jiang Yuanxun, NPC deputy.

"I noticed that the procuratorial organs handled a series of cases during the special supervision work. For example, the procuratorial organs in Fujian Province issued procuratorial suggestions to the market supervision and management departments on the illegal acts of malicious registered trademarks found in the performance of their duties, urging them to impose administrative penalties on the perpetrators of malicious registered trademarks. The handling of such cases has boosted the confidence of our enterprises in building brands, and the entrepreneurial spirit of the officers is also more sufficient. " Jiang Yuanxun, deputy to the National People’s Congress and founder of the Tongshan Small Black Tea Professional Cooperative in Wuyishan City, Fujian Province, told the reporter.

Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Party pointed out that the legal protection of intellectual property rights should be strengthened to form a basic system to support all-round innovation. Under the background of the country’s unswerving protection of intellectual property rights and efforts to create a business environment ruled by law, how can procuratorial organs continue to exert their efforts in cracking down on malicious litigation of intellectual property rights?

Deputy Ma Yide told the reporter that it is difficult to find the supervision points in some malicious litigation cases only through case analysis and judgment. The procuratorial organs should innovate the means of performing their duties, conduct centralized analysis of similar cases through the big data legal supervision model, and find the abnormal points of cases, so as to promote the source governance and system governance by case supervision.

"It is suggested that procuratorial organs strengthen communication and cooperation with public security organs, courts and intellectual property management departments, realize information sharing, and form a joint force to crack down on malicious intellectual property litigation. At the same time, increase the publicity of case interpretation and the rule of law, and guide enterprises to abide by the law. " Deputy Pan Yue said.

"I hope that the procuratorial organs will severely crack down on intellectual property malicious litigation cases with major and complicated cases and great social impact, forming an effective shock. At the same time, establish inspection and enterprise contact points in some industrial parks or key industries, provide legal advice for enterprises, and help enterprises to weave a strong intellectual property protection network. " The representative of Jiang Yuanxun added.

Original title: "The National People’s Congress | Deputies said: Punishing malicious lawsuits of intellectual property rights to boost confidence in enterprise development"

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Beijing Meteorological Observatory released at 20: 00 on April 6: It is cloudy and sunny during the day, and the north turns to the south wind, with the highest temperature of 27℃. When the weather is dry, it is necessary to pay attention to the safety of using fire and electricity; There is a big temperature difference between day and night, so please adjust your dress in time to avoid catching a cold.

It should be noted that in the next few days, the temperature in Beijing will drop first and then rise. From April 8 to 10, there will be weak cold air activity, and the temperature will drop. Everyone should pay attention to increasing or decreasing clothes in time to guard against colds. At the same time, there will be precipitation in the northwest on the night of April 8, and the lowest temperature will drop to 9 C at night, and the highest temperature will drop to 17 C on April 9. Please pay attention to the approaching forecast and take precautions. After April 11th, the temperature gradually rose and stabilized.

According to @ Meteorology Beijing, the pollen of cypress and willow in Beijing area is gradually coming to an end. However, at this time, plants such as Oleaceae, represented by Fraxinus, are at the peak of loose pollen, and Pinaceae joined the loose pollen army in the middle and late April, so the pollen concentration in Beijing is still at a high level in April, and sensitive people should pay attention to protection.

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Source: Meteorology Beijing

Editor: Du Qiaomin

Audit: Zhao Liang Tu Ling.

Issued by: Wang Jiao

　　On March 11th, in the zero-carbon factory in fengcheng city, Jiangxi Province-Faurecia Gele Electronics (Fengcheng) Co., Ltd., the staff rushed to produce automotive electronic products in the production workshop.
　　Photo by Zhou Liang (people’s picture)

　　On March 19th, employees maintained the hydraulic safety valve and mechanical breathing valve at the top of the oil storage tank at Haisi United Station in Shengli Oilfield, Dongying City, Shandong Province, to avoid air pollution caused by methane and other gases. Shengli Oilfield has implemented the special rectification measures for ecological environment protection in the Yellow River basin with high standards, and established a "waste-free oilfield" and a green factory, thus realizing green and clean production in the whole process of oil exploitation, pipeline transportation and storage.
　　Photo by Wang Guozhang (people’s picture)

　　On March 21st, in Hongde Primary School, Qingdao, Shandong Province, the narrator of the sewage treatment plant instructed the students to do experiments to cultivate children’s environmental awareness of saving water and protecting water in love the water.
　　Zhang Yingshe (Xinhua News Agency)

　　On March 15th, researchers conducted a liquid dye synthesis experiment at Zhejiang Modern Textile Technology Innovation Center (Jianhu Laboratory) in Keqiao District, Shaoxing City. In recent years, new green equipment and advanced technology have been introduced to promote the transformation and upgrading of textile printing and dyeing industry to low pollution, high technology and high added value.
　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Weng Yushe

　　Since 2022, the treatment of new pollutants has been written into the work report of our government for three consecutive years.

　　With the deepening of the construction of beautiful China, China’s ecological environment protection work is developing from the treatment of sensory indicators such as "smog" and "black odor" to the treatment of new pollutants with long-term and hidden hazards.

　　"Hard bones" that must be chewed.

　　What are new pollutants?

　　At present, the new pollutants widely concerned at home and abroad mainly include persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors and antibiotics controlled by international conventions. The production and use of toxic and harmful chemicals are the main sources of new pollutants.

　　The reason why new pollutants are called "new" is that on the one hand, compared with conventional pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and PM2.5; on the other hand, there are many kinds of new pollutants, and the number of new pollutants that can be identified will continue to increase. At present, there are more than 20 categories of new pollutants of global concern, and each category contains dozens or hundreds of chemicals.

　　Jiang Guibin, an academician of the China Academy of Sciences and dean of the School of Resources and Environment of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that "unconscious contact, persistence, and imperceptible harm to human health and environmental systems constitute the common characteristics of new pollutants". With the deepening of understanding and the continuous development of environmental monitoring technology, the types and quantities of new pollutants will continue to change.

　　Literature shows that high levels of environmental endocrine disruptors, antibiotics, microplastics and other new pollutants have been detected in air, water and soil in some areas of China. It is generally believed that new pollutants are gradually becoming a new difficulty that restricts the continuous and in-depth improvement of the environmental quality of the atmosphere, water and soil, and it is also a "hard bone" that ecological environmental protection must tackle after smog and black and smelly water bodies.

　　The treatment of new pollutants is not easy.

　　At present, China is the largest producer and user of chemical products in the world, and also the main supplier of chemical raw materials, with more than 50,000 kinds of chemical substances in production and use. These chemicals are consumed and used in many industries, and some chemicals are closely related to agricultural production, daily necessities, aerospace products and other important fields.

　　Hu Jianxin, a professor at Peking University Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, wrote that China’s annual production of short-chain chlorinated paraffins can reach millions of tons, and chlorpyrifos (note: a pesticide) involves agricultural production and food security. It is difficult to develop their substitutes, and there may be conflicts in availability, performance, cost, environment and safety, so it is difficult to achieve perfection, which brings great challenges to the treatment of new pollutants in the future.

　　The treatment of new pollutants mainly involves the chemical industry and its downstream industrial chain. In recent years, China’s industrial technology and management level have greatly improved as a whole, but some enterprises are still at the low end of the industrial chain, and their technical level and management ability are uneven. In cities with rapid industrial development and urbanization, improper waste treatment will lead to organochlorine compounds residues, and industrial activities such as mining and smelting will lead to heavy metal emissions and residues. Frequent use of pesticides and fertilizers in some agricultural areas will cause the emission and residue of organophosphorus compounds.

　　The weak foundation of detection is also a difficult problem to be solved urgently. Jiang Guibin found that the key point of new pollutant control is "newness" and the difficulty is "newness". Because it is "new", there are some problems, such as the monitoring method can’t keep up, the pollution base is unclear, the environmental process is unclear, the environmental hazards are not mastered, and the conventional prevention methods don’t work.

　　The unclear toxic mechanism of new pollutants and the lack of efficient purification technology also hinder the treatment process of new pollutants. Jiang Guibin suggested that the establishment of "Science and Technology Special Project for New Pollutant Control" should be accelerated, interdisciplinary integration and high-tech application should be promoted, theoretical and technical systems for prevention and control of new pollutants and risk early warning should be developed, and technical support for new pollutant control should be strengthened.

　　China is also facing the outstanding problem of coexistence of new pollutants and traditional pollutants.

　　There is a clear deployment

　　The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the treatment of new pollutants.

　　In November 2021, the Opinions of the State Council City, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Fight against Pollution made clear arrangements for the treatment of new pollutants, requiring the formulation and implementation of an action plan for the treatment of new pollutants. Half a year later, in May 2022, the General Office of the State Council issued the Action Plan for New Pollutant Control (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). This plan puts forward requirements for the treatment of new pollutants from the aspects of overall requirements, action measures and safeguard measures.

　　What are the goals for the treatment of new pollutants?

　　According to the Action Plan, by 2025, China will complete the environmental risk screening of chemicals with high concern and high yield (use), complete a batch of environmental risk assessment of chemicals, dynamically release the list of new pollutants to be controlled, and implement environmental risk control measures such as prohibition, restriction and discharge restriction on new pollutants to be controlled. The regulatory system and management mechanism for environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals have been gradually established and improved, and the ability to control new pollutants has been significantly enhanced.

　　How to deal with new pollutants?

　　The Action Plan has made 18 specific arrangements from six aspects: improving laws and regulations, conducting investigation and monitoring, strictly controlling the source, strengthening process control, deepening terminal governance and strengthening capacity building. For example, in terms of improving laws and regulations and establishing a sound new pollutant control system, the Action Plan proposes to improve laws and regulations, establish a sound technical standard system, and establish and improve a new pollutant control management mechanism. It is required to establish an inter-departmental coordination mechanism for new pollutant control led by the ecological environment department, with the participation of development and reform, science and technology, industry and information technology, finance, housing and urban construction, agriculture and rural areas, commerce, health, customs, market supervision, drug supervision and other departments, so as to promote the new pollutant control work as a whole.

　　In terms of investigation, monitoring and assessment of environmental risks of new pollutants, the Action Plan proposes specific measures such as establishing an environmental information investigation system for chemical substances, establishing an environmental investigation and monitoring system for new pollutants, establishing an environmental risk assessment system for chemical substances, and dynamically publishing a list of new pollutants under key control. It is explicitly required to formulate "one product, one policy" control measures for chemicals listed in the priority control chemicals list, antibiotics, microplastics and other key new pollutants, carry out technical feasibility and economic and social impact assessment of the control measures, identify the main environmental emission sources of the priority control chemicals, formulate and revise the emission standards of relevant industries in a timely manner, and dynamically update the list of toxic and harmful air pollutants, the list of toxic and harmful water pollutants and the list of toxic and harmful substances in the soil under key control.

　　The "Action Plan" proposes to carry out pilot projects for the treatment of new pollutants. It is required to focus on petrochemical, coating, textile printing and dyeing, rubber, pesticide, medicine and other industries in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins and around key drinking water sources, key estuaries, key bays, key mariculture areas, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and select a number of key enterprises and industrial parks to carry out pilot projects for the treatment of new pollutants, thus forming a number of demonstration technologies for the green substitution of toxic and harmful chemicals, the reduction of new pollutants and the treatment of new pollutants in sewage sludge, waste liquid and waste residue. Encourage qualified places to formulate incentive policies, promote enterprises to try first and reduce the generation and discharge of new pollutants.

　　Overall, the Action Plan has designed a "three-step" governance work path. The first step is "screening", which screens out pollutants with high potential environmental risks and puts them into the scope of priority environmental risk assessment; the second step is "evaluation", and for the screened chemicals, the new pollutants with high risks to the environment and health are taken as key control objects; the third step is "control", and comprehensive control measures are implemented for the key control objects determined in the previous two steps.

　　The Action Plan defines several key time nodes for the treatment of new pollutants.

　　For example, in 2022, the first list of new pollutants under key control was released. During the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period, special treatment was carried out for a number of key new pollutants. By the end of 2025, a number of high-toxic and high-risk pesticide varieties will be re-evaluated. Local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership over the control of new pollutants, and provincial people’s governments are the main bodies to organize the implementation of this action plan. Before the end of 2022, they should organize the formulation of the work plan for the control of new pollutants in their own regions, refine the objectives and tasks, clarify the division of labor among departments, and do a good job in implementation. All relevant departments in the State Council should strengthen the division of labor and cooperation, jointly do a good job in the treatment of new pollutants, and evaluate the implementation of this action plan in 2025.

　　In the year when the Action Plan was published, the work report of the Chinese government proposed to strengthen the management of solid waste and new pollutants, and promote garbage classification, reduction and recycling. The following year, the government work report of our country proposed to strengthen the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants. In this year’s government work report, the relevant statement is to strengthen the treatment of solid waste, new pollutants and plastic pollution.

　　At the beginning of this year, Xinhua News Agency published "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Construction of Beautiful China in an All-round Way", which called for strengthening the control of solid waste and new pollutants. Accelerate the construction of a "waste-free city", continue to promote the action of controlling new pollutants, and promote the realization of "waste-free" and environmental health in urban and rural areas. Strengthen the comprehensive management of solid waste, limit excessive packaging of commodities, and control plastic pollution through the whole chain. We will deepen the comprehensive ban on the entry of "foreign garbage" and strictly guard against the smuggling and disguised import of various forms of solid waste. Strengthen the supervision, utilization and disposal capacity of hazardous wastes, and strengthen the pollution control of tailings ponds with emphasis on the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin. Formulate regulations on environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals. By 2027, the proportion of "waste-free cities" will reach 60%, and the intensity of solid waste generation will drop significantly; by 2035, the construction of "waste-free cities" will achieve full coverage, and the eastern provinces will take the lead in building "waste-free cities" in the whole region, and the environmental risks of new pollutants will be effectively controlled.

　　Also this year, many provinces in China mentioned the treatment of "new pollutants" in their government work reports. It is the common goal of many places to promote the construction of a "waste-free city" and strengthen the treatment of new pollutants.

　　Strengthen collaborative governance

　　The characteristics of new pollutants determine that coordinated treatment is needed.

　　The environmental risk of new pollutants is an environmental problem faced by all countries in the world.

　　DDT mentioned in Silent Spring is one of the chemicals with typical new pollutant characteristics. Its harm spans half a century and spreads to every corner of the world, and it is impossible to control it by one country alone. Professor Hu Jianxin pointed out: "The treatment of some new pollutants requires global action. In addition to being persistent, bioaccumulative, carcinogenic and teratogenic, some new pollutants also have the potential of long-distance migration, which can be transported across international boundaries with air, water or migratory species and deposited in areas far from their discharge points, causing worldwide environmental pollution problems. "

　　In terms of new pollutant treatment, China has an inter-departmental coordination mechanism.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the important task of "developing new pollution control". Shortly after the closing of the 20th National Congress, on November 4th, 2022, the first meeting of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Group for New Pollutant Control was held in Beijing. The leader of the coordination group is Huang Runqiu, Minister of Ecology and Environment. In addition to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the members of the Inter-Ministerial Coordination Group include the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the Health and Wellness Commission, the General Administration of Customs, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and other departments.

　　On February 2, 2024, the second meeting of the group was held. The meeting pointed out that it is necessary to give full play to the role of the new pollutant control promotion mechanism, strengthen cross-departmental joint actions, increase guidance and assistance to local counterpart departments and enterprises, strengthen supervision and law enforcement, and track down the effectiveness, and systematically promote the key tasks of new pollutant control to make breakthroughs. In addition, it is mentioned that it is necessary to speed up the legislation on the control of new pollutants, promote the implementation of major scientific and technological special projects, plan and lay out a number of major projects, strengthen fiscal, taxation, finance, price and other policy support, and lay a good combination of the rule of law, science and technology and policy.

　　In addition to inter-ministerial coordination, there is also inter-provincial cooperation.

　　For example, Sichuan and Chongqing have jointly promoted the treatment of new pollutants. On March 14th this year, the first joint meeting of new pollutant control in Sichuan and Chongqing was held in Chongqing. The meeting reported the development of new pollutant control work in 2023 and the work plan for 2024 in the two places. The meeting proposed to carry out joint investigation and monitoring of new pollutants in Sichuan and Chongqing, focus on finding out the current situation of new pollutants such as antibiotics and perfluorochemicals, jointly promote the risk assessment of chemical substances in Chengdu and Chongqing, and provide a basis for issuing a supplementary list of key new pollutants in Chengdu and Chongqing.

　　Some provinces are carrying out pilot work.

　　For example, Jiangsu is a pilot province for environmental monitoring of new pollutants. The province monitors pollution points in water sources and air in two pilot industrial development zones. Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and other provinces carried out pilot investigation, monitoring and evaluation of new pollutants in key industries. Anhui province has focused on the whole process monitoring and environmental information investigation, conducted law enforcement inspection on the production, processing and use of new chemical substances, and carried out pilot investigations on basic environmental information of chemical substances. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has launched a pilot project of investigation and risk assessment of new pollutants in the Yellow River Basin and "one lake and two seas" in the whole region, and carried out non-targeted screening and quantitative monitoring of new pollutants. Shaanxi Province launched a pilot project of compensation for ecological and environmental damage involving new pollutants, which provided guarantee for promoting clean production and green manufacturing.

　　At present, various localities have carried out pilot projects in key industries, key fields, key river basins, process monitoring and result guarantee, forming a multi-level and multi-dimensional pilot network. These pilot projects are part of the work of controlling new pollutants. Some places also focus on improving legal protection, issuing regulations on the prevention and control of soil pollution, and clearly implementing and strengthening the control of new pollutants such as persistent organic pollutants.

　　According to the plan, in 2025, Jiangsu will initially establish a new pollutant environmental investigation and monitoring system, Shandong will initially establish a new pollutant control system, and Liaoning’s new pollutant control capacity will be significantly enhanced …

　　Time is tight and the task is heavy.

　　CCTV News:Diabetes is one of the common chronic diseases, and modern medicine can’t cure diabetes, so diabetics have to take medicine for life. However, in Taizhou, Zhejiang, an online shop claimed that there was a food that could lower blood sugar instead of drugs, and the local market supervision department launched an investigation.

　　In the name of consumers, the inspectors bought all the suspicious goods being sold in this online store. As can be seen from the appearance, Renhe Yibao Capsule, which is nominally jointly supervised by China Academy of Chinese Medicine and the Second Military Medical University of China People’s Liberation Army, indicates that it can remove drug toxicity and repair islets; The highest-priced product in online stores, which is called insulin II, claims to have American technical support and is supervised by the Diabetes Research Center of the American Military Medical College. It is a product sold only in Chinese mainland. In addition, the packaging boxes of these commodities are also printed with the approval number of the national food health food, which is known to consumers as "police tactical unit". After verification by inspectors, these approval numbers are all false, and the factory name and address on the packaging boxes can’t correspond. For further analysis and verification, the inspectors sent the goods to professional testing institutions for further testing and analysis.

　　Test results; Most fake health products contain western medicine ingredients.

　　Along this line of thought, the inspectors made a specific testing plan, and screened 11 kinds of drugs corresponding to diabetes one by one. It was found that these health foods all contained western medicine ingredients to varying degrees.

　　Among the 19 samples tested, 14 samples were found to contain western medicine, of which 8 samples contained phenformin hydrochloride, and the other 6 samples also contained glibenclamide and metformin hydrochloride.

　　It is understood that both phenformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide are prescription drugs that inhibit moderate type 2 diabetes and have a certain insulin secretion function. According to the clear provisions of China’s Food Safety Law, health food as food should not be added with drugs; At the same time, the label description of health food should not involve the expression of disease prevention and treatment functions. These health foods that claim to have hypoglycemic effect are not only found to contain western medicine ingredients, but also use false "national food health word" health food numbers, which are typical counterfeit health foods, so the actions of their producers and operators have been suspected of breaking the law.

　　Layers of distribution captured many suspects.

　　After confirming the existence of illegal acts, the inspectors immediately inquired about the online shop operator, and the owner provided the clue that the supplier lived in Henan Province. The inspectors immediately set up a task force with the local public security department to control the supplier in gongyi city, Henan Province.

　　The supplier purchased 400,000 yuan in less than one year.

　　According to the supplier Zhou Pengwei, he didn’t know the identity of the supplier. Both parties contacted and delivered the goods through WeChat. In less than a year, he accumulated five varieties and more than 400,000 yuan in goods from this supplier. After continuous monitoring, the electronic data forensics center in State Administration for Market Regulation, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, monitored that this family landed in Zhengzhou, Henan Province.

　　After investigation, Yang Jiandong and his wife set up a courier company, but it is strange that the courier company has almost no business and can’t deliver several packages a day. By checking the express list of dozens of boxes of goods collected from Zhou Pengwei, the case-handling personnel locked a shipper named Zhu Xiangna, and finally determined that the goods were sent from the underground storage room of Zhu Xiangna’s garage.

　　National wholesalers sell hundreds of thousands of fake health products every month.

　　The case-handling personnel combined with the local public security department to take the action of closing the net, confirming that Zhu Xiangna is the top seller of Zhou Pengwei’s sales channel and a wholesaler facing the whole country. She mainly sells through WeChat group, and the average monthly cargo volume is about 200,000 yuan or so.

　　Through the clues provided by the delivery truck driver, the case-handling personnel arrested Liu Wei, the owner of toxic and harmful counterfeit health food, in zhongmou county. In his production and processing site, you can see that a large number of packaged capsule plates and semi-finished raw material powders are stored here, and about 700,000 health food capsules that have been produced but not yet sold have been collected on the spot. He sent more than 2 million pieces of goods to Zhu Xiangna and Yang Jiandong, and the accumulated sales amount was about 200,000 yuan.

　　Tracing back to the fact that the raw materials of western medicine actually came from regular pharmaceutical factories.

　　According to the owner’s account, the main raw material in capsule production is western medicine powder, which was consigned to him by a man named Zhang Xinglin in Bozhou, Anhui. The investigators conducted a basic information search on Zhang Xinglin, and found that this person had a record of manufacturing and selling counterfeit drugs.

　　Western medicine raw materials are disguised as fish food.

　　Zhang Xinglin frequents five places: the actual residence, the domicile, a farm house in a remote suburb, a consignment station and a Chinese medicine factory. He occasionally goes to the Chinese medicine factory to buy some Chinese medicine powder packed in yellow snakeskin bags, and occasionally sends it to the consignment station. From the consignment note, the goods he sends are marked as fish food. Zhang Xinglin, who was consigning drug powder, was arrested by the investigators at the freight station. In the warehouse where the investigators led Zhang Xinglin to identify the scene involved, we can see that boxes of western medicine glibenclamide tablets have not been opened, snakeskin bags filled with Chinese medicine powder are piled up in the corner, and there are many drums filled with white powder. At the unpacking and processing point, empty bottles of western medicine are all over the floor, so they are piled up in a corner of the house. After checking by inspectors, there are as many as 320,000 empty bottles of western medicine collected at the processing point in Zhang Xinglin.

　　Fake health food processing sites are extremely dirty.

　　Entering another processing point, the dirty scene in front of us makes it impossible to imagine that this is actually a place for processing health food raw materials. Bags of various fine particles that Zhang Xinglin himself can’t tell apart are piled all over the floor. The collected western medicine particles are beaten into powder on such a machine, and then the powder is mixed with various other powders at will with such a tool and roughly stirred, so that it can be packed into barrels and become the finished powder sold to the next family, and that bag is packed in snakeskin bags.

　　Some of the raw materials involved came from regular pharmaceutical factories.

　　Zhang Xinglin confessed that the western medicine powder he sold was sold to Liu Wei at the price of 80 yuan per kilogram. In more than a year, the sales amount of powder and raw materials he sold to Liu Wei totaled more than 200,000 yuan. In the warehouse in Zhang Xinglin, the investigators collected 25 boxes of unopened glibenclamide tablets. After searching the batch numbers of these drugs and checking with the manufacturers, it was confirmed that they were all genuine western medicines produced by regular pharmaceutical factories. According to this clue, the case-handling personnel arrested Li Panpan, a supplier who was not qualified for drug business, in Taihe County, Anhui Province. At this point, the case of manufacturing and selling toxic and harmful counterfeit health food covering the whole country was completely solved.

　　Fabricate the number of "national food health word" for profiteering

　　After the suspect arrived at the case, he confessed the facts of the crime. They packaged the food containing pharmaceutical ingredients into health food, fabricated a number of "national food health word" and sold it to the outside world. According to Zhu Xiangna, the reason why their products sell so much is because the effect of lowering blood sugar in the beginning is very obvious, so most of these buyers will buy back.

　　Glibenclamide is a chemical that specifically inhibits moderate type II diabetes. Each bottle contains 100 such small tablets, each of which is only 2.5 mg. The instructions for taking glibenclamide indicate that normal patients can only take one tablet a day, and those with mild symptoms can only take half a tablet a day. Inspectors said that through the whole production and processing process of counterfeit products, it can be known that the biggest risk faced by consumers lies in the uneven amount of drugs added in these health foods, which may lead to the occurrence of hyperlactaemia or lactic acidosis in the light, and even sudden death in the severe cases.

　　Inspectors also said that there is almost no continuous brand management of such health food. Basically, the same product name and packaging are printed hundreds or one or two thousand boxes at a time, and then other product names and packaging are changed after use. Even the production address and the serial number of "National Food Health Word" are printed at will.

　　The reporter randomly found a pharmacy and found glibenclamide tablets on the counter in the prescription drug section. A bottle of 100 tablets was packaged, and the retail price was 2.5 yuan. Zhang Xinglin bought glibenclamide tablets from Li Panpan in boxes according to the wholesale price, and the traceable drug cost has reached more than 300,000 yuan. Zhang Xinglin sold the western medicine powder to the manufacturer Liu Wei at the price of one kilogram of 80 yuan. Liu Wei mixed and stirred the western medicine raw materials, filled them into capsules, packed them in boxes of various brands, and sold them to Zhu Xiangna, Yang Jiandong and others at the price of 12.5 yuan. They wholesale to agents including Zhou Pengwei at the price of 30-35 yuan in WeChat group, and the agents like Zhou Pengwei sell them to dealers like Zhang Liangbo at the price of 45-50 yuan. By the time these toxic and harmful health foods illegally added with western medicine reach consumers, the price of each box has increased to 125 yuan.

　　In order to avoid supervision, these people who manufacture and sell toxic and harmful counterfeit health foods will use the increasingly developed network to reduce the relevance of each link, and at the same time use virtual identities to complete transactions and money transfers, which makes it extremely difficult to handle cases. To this end, the market supervision department and the public security department have formulated a system of linking case investigation and execution, tracing every small clue to the source and checking it to the end.

　　This mega-case of producing and selling toxic and harmful hypoglycemic health foods eventually arrested 13 suspects. Through this crackdown, the market supervision department smashed 10 production, sales and storage dens and seized more than 100,000 boxes of counterfeit health food, with a case value of 1.6 billion yuan.

Recently, the news that Zhejiang one-armed girl painted the blind road with a square heart caused a heated discussion among netizens. Because she found that the blind road was often occupied by cars, she came up with the idea of painting the blind road, and wanted to "paint the invisible convenience with visible colors". With the support of relevant departments, she started painting, and other places followed suit.

Supporters believe that this move not only warns the occupation behavior but also beautifies the environment, but some people with low vision reflect that colorful patterns may interfere with their walking judgment. In this debate, people’s original intention of "caring for the visually impaired" is the same. As for whether to draw colored blind roads, what kind of patterns and colors to choose, we might as well listen to the opinions and suggestions of the visually impaired people and seek a balance between practicality and aesthetics on the premise of ensuring the functionality of the blind roads. Yang Li/Wen Gou/Tu

　　[Car Guide] Recently, a friend of mine just bought a new car with manual transmission. After driving for a while, he told me that sometimes you can’t put it in reverse when you reverse, and you can often hear the sound of "honk". I don’t know why. I looked it up on the Internet and found that many netizens also have many problems in the use of manual gear reverse. Today, we will talk about the precautions for the use of manual gear reverse.

● Reverse gear structure

　　If we want to know what we need to pay attention to when shifting the reverse gear, we should first understand the structure of the reverse gear. I believe that friends who have driven manual transmission vehicles know that many manual transmission vehicles will have reverse gear locking devices, which need to be unlocked before they can be engaged in reverse gear. This is to prevent the vehicle from being engaged in reverse gear by mistake when moving forward, which will cause great impact on the transmission gear and cause parts damage. The locking mechanism of the reverse gear is generally locked by the error-proof baffle. The following video is to introduce the working principle of the error-proof baffle for everyone:

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

● The way of hanging reverse gear.

　　The operating modes of gears on different models also have different designs. At present, there are three ways to unlock gears in reverse, namely:Traditional unlocking, lifting unlocking and pressing unlocking.There are also some special unlocking methods, such as Angola’s reverse gear unlocking method is similar to the automatic gear button, and there is also a manual transmission, which shifts to the left of the first gear. If you need to shift the reverse gear, you must shift the shift lever to the left, and then dial one square to the left hard after stopping.

　　After introducing the locking mechanism, let’s talk about the reverse gear. For family cars,Reverse gears are generally straight tooth gear structures.The main reason is that the structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is low, because the car is completely at rest when the gear is reversed, and there is no speed difference between gears, so it is unnecessary to use the helical gear and these parts; In addition, the chances of using reverse gear are much less than that of forward gear, so it is not a big problem to use straight gear. Of course, the reverse gear of the manual gearbox equipped with some high-end models is also designed with synchronizer and helical gear, which is to improve the comfort when reversing.

● Pay attention to reverse gear!

　　At the beginning of the article, I mentioned that my friend often made a "rattle" noise when he engaged the reverse gear, which was caused by his irregular movement when he engaged the reverse gear, resulting in a poor engagement between the shift fork (the position indicated by the red arrow A in the picture) and the reverse gear lock ring (the position indicated by the blue arrow B in the picture).

　　If the teeth are frequently punched, the crown of the gear will be rounded, and the meshing between the gears will not be complete. Moreover, if this operation is often done, the baldness will become more and more, resulting in a vicious circle. The gear meshing will not be complete, which will easily lead to the phenomenon of gear shift after a slight vibration. At this time, it is necessary to overhaul the transmission.

　　So how to avoid gear beating? We have summarized the methods to avoid gear beating when shifting gears at three o’clock. Let’s introduce them one by one:

(1) Stop and hang again.

　　The car has not stopped completely, but it is put into reverse gear. This is a bad habit that many "old drivers" love to make. It seems that they are very skilled in driving. In fact, this is very harmful to the gearbox. As mentioned above, most family cars have no synchronizer in reverse gear, so it is inevitable to put into reverse gear if they don’t stop the car stably. Therefore, when putting the car in reverse gear, we need to pay attention to stepping on the brake to stop the car and then put it on. This does not mean that you are driving meat, but a professional.

Step on the bottom

　　Secondly, when you step on the clutch in gear, you must step on the clutch to the end. Never put the clutch in reverse gear when it is still half-linked, which will also cause the phenomenon of tooth-beating. In addition, when you put the gear in reverse gear, you should be gentle and not too hard, so that you will occasionally hear the painful gear crash.

③ Back up and wait.

　　Finally, don’t reverse the car too fast, and don’t step on the accelerator to accelerate it, which will cause great damage to the spur gear. In addition, the transmission of the spur gear is very direct and the ride comfort is poor, so the people in the car will feel very uncomfortable and the sound is not very good.

　　After sharing the precautions for using the reverse gear, I have another trick to share with you: on many vehicles, the teeth of the reverse gear are bigger than those of the first gear, so the transmission is bigger than that of the first gear. If you encounter a ramp or road tooth that you can’t get up, you can try using the reverse gear.

Summary of the article:

　　That’s the end of the introduction of the precautions for using manual gear reverse. In fact, I just summarized some common preventive measures. I hope that if the majority of netizens have any experience about using manual gear reverse, they can post it in their comments or my editing blog. We can learn from each other and share our good experiences with more people. (Text/Figure car home Zhang Xin)

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《Car maintenanceChannel helps you solve the problems encountered in the use of vehicles.

　　On December 30, 2022, the 38th meeting of the 13th the NPC Standing Committee reviewed and approved the Amendment to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants to include polychlorinated naphthalenes and the Amendment to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants to include short-chain chlorinated paraffins and other three persistent organic pollutants (hereinafter referred to as the Amendment). The Amendment came into force for China on June 6, 2023.

　　The Amendment eliminated or restricted five kinds of persistent organic pollutants, namely hexachlorobutadiene, polychlorinated naphthalenes, pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters, decabromodiphenyl ether and short-chain chlorinated paraffins. In combination with the relevant management regulations of China, the specific matters of limiting and controlling the above five kinds of persistent organic pollutants are announced as follows:

　　1. It is forbidden to produce, use, import and export hexachlorobutadiene, polychlorinated naphthalenes, pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters.

　　2. It is forbidden to produce, use, import and export decabromodiphenyl ether (except for the following purposes).

　　(1) Textile products with flame retardant characteristics (excluding clothing and toys);

　　(2) Additives for plastic casings and parts used for household heating appliances, irons, fans and immersion heaters, which contain or directly contact with electrical parts, or need to comply with flame retardant standards, and the density is less than 10% by weight of the parts;

　　(3) Polyurethane foam used for building insulation;

　　The exemption period of the above three types of uses will end on December 31, 2023.

　　Three, prohibit the production, use, import and export of short-chain chlorinated paraffin (except for the following purposes).

　　(1) Additives used in the production of conveyor belts in natural and synthetic rubber industries;

　　(two) spare parts for rubber conveyor belts used in mining and forestry;

　　(3) leather industry, especially fatliquoring leather;

　　(4) Lubricating oil additives, especially used in automobiles, generators and engines of wind energy facilities, as well as oil and gas exploration and drilling and oil refineries that produce diesel oil;

　　(5) Outdoor decorative lamps;

　　(6) Waterproof and flame-retardant paints;

　　(7) Adhesives;

　　(8) Metal processing;

　　(nine) the second plasticizer of flexible PVC (but not used in the processing of toys and children’s products);

　　The exemption period of the above nine types of uses will end on December 31, 2023.

　　4. Enterprises, institutions and other producers and operators that discharge hexachlorobutadiene and polychlorinated naphthalenes shall take effective measures to effectively reduce emissions or eliminate emission sources. Encourage the development and application of alternative technologies to prevent the generation and emission of hexachlorobutadiene and polychloronaphthalene.

　　5. Unless otherwise specified, chemicals used for laboratory-scale research or as reference standards, and chemicals appearing as unintentional trace pollutants in products and articles, do not apply to the above requirements on prohibiting or restricting production, use and import and export.

　　Six, all levels of ecological environment, industry and information technology, housing and urban construction, agriculture and rural areas, commerce, emergency management, market supervision and management, disease prevention and control departments and customs, should be in accordance with the provisions of relevant state laws and regulations, strengthen the supervision and management of the production, use, import and export of the above five kinds of persistent organic pollutants. Once violations of the announcement are found, they will be severely punished according to law.

　　Seven, this announcement shall come into force as of June 6, 2023.

　　It is hereby announced.

　　Annex: List of Persistent Organic Pollutants Restricted by the Amendment

　　Ministry of Ecology and Environment

　　Ministry of Foreign Affairs

　　Ministry of Science and Technology

　　Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

　　Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

　　Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

　　Ministry of Commerce

　　Ministry of Emergency Management

　　General Administration of Customs

　　State Administration for Market Regulation

　　National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention

　　June 6, 2023

　　Issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment on June 6, 2023

　　attachment

　　List of Persistent Organic Pollutants Restricted by the Amendment

　　Note: SCCPs refer to chain length C.₁₀To c₁₃And the chlorine content exceeds 48% by weight, and its concentration in the mixture is greater than or equal to 1% by weight.

　　interpretResponsible comrades of the Solid Waste and Chemicals Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment answered reporters’ questions on the Announcement on Environmental Risk Control Requirements for Five Kinds of Persistent Organic Pollutants, such as Polychlorinated Naphthalenes.