FAW Toyota Corolla Twin Engine 1.8L Elite Edition is a hybrid vehicle produced by FAW Toyota, belonging to Corolla series. This car adopts Toyota’s Hybrid Synergy Drive(HSD) hybrid technology, which combines a 1.8-liter naturally aspirated engine with an electric motor to achieve higher fuel economy and lower emissions.

In terms of configuration, FAW Toyota Corolla Twin Engine 1.8L Elite Edition is equipped with luxury configurations such as navigation system, reversing image, automatic air conditioning, electric seat adjustment and multi-function steering wheel. In addition, the car also has intelligent key, one-button start, automatic headlights and other functions, which brings a more convenient driving experience for drivers.

In terms of safety performance, FAW Toyota Corolla Twin Engine 1.8L Elite Edition also performed well. The car is equipped with Toyota Safety Sense Zhixing safety suit, including pre-collision system, lane departure warning system, adaptive cruise control system and other active safety functions, which effectively reduces the safety hazards during driving.

Generally speaking, FAW Toyota Corolla Twin Engine 1.8L Elite Edition is a hybrid car with both power performance and fuel economy, which is suitable for consumers who pay attention to environmental protection and energy saving.

The original distressing Jiushu 39 Health Network

In the group match of Asian Youth Badminton Championship on June 30th, 17-year-old Zhang Zhijie of China Badminton Team suddenly fainted and died after being sent to hospital for rescue.

According to the press conference of Indonesian Badminton Association on July 1st, the treatment and examination results of Air Force Central Hospital and Central General Hospital showed that Zhang Zhijie died of sudden cardiac arrest.

In the face of sudden bad news, many teammates of Zhang Zhijie expressed their condolences over his death. Some teammates said that "Zhang Zhijie was in good health at ordinary times and had never heard of any diseases".

The death of such a young and promising child is really sad, and his departure also reminds us that even people who seem to be healthy at ordinary times may die suddenly.

This has a great relationship with the reasons behind sudden cardiac arrest.

Cardiac arrest refers to the sudden stop of the heart, which leads to the interruption of blood circulation, and the organs of the body can not get enough oxygen and nutrition. If not rescued in time, the patient will soon die.

This is often the main cause of sudden cardiac death.

According to China Cardiovascular Disease Report, about 544,000 people die of sudden cardiac death (SCD) every year in China, which is equivalent to one person dying of cardiac arrest every minute.

Because of the rapid onset and unpredictable onset time of sudden cardiac death, sometimes people around you will be gone before they can react, so it is very important to understand its inducement, symptoms before coming and preventive measures.

Although sudden cardiac death is urgent, it is not completely untraceable. Today, Uncle Jiu came to explore the "trace" of sudden death.

During strenuous exercise, the myocardial oxygen demand increases, which will aggravate the heart load. If the cardiovascular function is inherently impaired, it is easy to cause oxygen imbalance, myocardial necrosis, and eventually lead to sudden cardiac death.

In addition, long-term or strenuous exercise may also lead to a lot of sweating, which in turn leads to electrolyte imbalance, especially the loss of potassium and sodium ions, resulting in hypokalemia.

Once patients with myocardial infarction are complicated with hypokalemia, it is easy to cause malignant arrhythmia, such as ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, which leads to a sharp drop in blood supply and even cardiac arrest. Sudden cardiac death is easy to occur if the rescue is not timely.

Clinical data show that hypokalemia is the most common cause of sudden death in badminton or marathon.

A study of 5,516 cases of sudden death in chinese journal of critical care medicine in 2020 found that sudden cardiac death was the primary cause of sudden death, accounting for 57.76%.

The second place is emotional excitement, accounting for 25.66%.

When angry, the blood flow of the heart doubles than usual, the contractility of the heart is strengthened, the heartbeat is accelerated, and a large amount of blood rushes to the heart, which is easy to induce angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and then lead to sudden death.

Modern people have a fast pace of work, great pressure in life, and often stay up late to be a demon, which is easy to make their bodies overworked.

At this time, the body will continue to be tense, the nervous system is also highly tense, and the sympathetic nerve has been stimulated, thus raising blood pressure and increasing the burden on the heart.

Overwork can also lead to an increase in heart rate and increase the oxygen consumption of the heart, which may lead to acute myocardial infarction in severe cases and then sudden cardiac death.

Sudden cardiac death is closely related to heart problems, so people with cardiovascular diseases are more likely to be targeted.

If suffering from coronary heart disease, it will cause myocardial infarction, leading to myocardial necrosis and cardiac dysfunction;

Cardiomyopathy makes the structure and function of myocardium abnormal, which increases the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest.

Severe arrhythmia, such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, can make the heart lose its effective pumping function, lead to insufficient blood supply and eventually lead to sudden death.

Conditions such as congenital heart disease and myocarditis can also lead to similar heart events.

Therefore, people with basic diseases should especially take care of their hearts.

For young people, the main causes of exercise-induced sudden death are coronary heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition, excessive tension, excitement, fatigue and other factors will also increase the risk of sudden cardiac death in young people.

Middle-aged people, especially those aged between 30 and 63, are often at high risk of sudden cardiac death. Because of the pressure of work and life, staying up late and working overtime, irregular diet and other factors, they are more prone to coronary heart disease.

Older people are more susceptible to myocarditis, heart failure and other diseases, which will lead to the gradual decline of heart function, thus increasing the risk of sudden cardiac death.

Although sudden death is urgent and heavy, it often sends us a distress signal before it happens, which must not be ignored.

If you have severe, tight and crushing pain in your chest, you need to be vigilant when you feel like your chest has been squeezed repeatedly and you feel suffocated.

Chest pain is also a typical manifestation of coronary heart disease, which generally occurs behind the sternum. More attention should be paid to this situation.

Our emotions will also protect our bodies. If there is a sense of panic at this time, don’t ignore the "alarm" of your body. No matter what you are doing, stop and observe immediately.

In addition to chest pain, in the absence of injury or illness, shoulders, chin, throat, teeth appear pain, and sometimes feel depressed, this situation should also be vigilant.

If a patient with hypertension suddenly has severe headache or even vomiting, it is necessary to highly doubt whether a cerebrovascular accident has occurred, and beware of sudden death.

In addition to pain, if there are obvious cyanosis, purple lips and decreased blood oxygen, it is highly doubtful whether there is pulmonary embolism.

Acute pulmonary embolism, if not handled properly in time, will easily lead to pulmonary infarction, blood circulation disorder and sudden death.

On the premise of no lack of sleep, strenuous exercise or illness, there is an unrelenting sense of fatigue for days, weeks or even months.

And accompanied by insomnia, anxiety, waking up at night and other symptoms, it is necessary to consider whether there is a heart problem.

Before sudden cardiac death, many patients will have a lot of cold sweat, which is one of the typical manifestations of myocardial infarction.

If you don’t have a history of heart disease, but suddenly you have sweating, palpitation, chest pain and other symptoms, you must not be careless, and you must see a doctor in time.

First of all, take responsibility for your health.

Maintain healthy living habits, feel your physical condition with your heart, and be alert to every alarm signal.

When you feel chest tightness, chest pain, dizziness and unknown pain, it is the body that reminds you that it is time to rest. Don’t sacrifice your life in pursuit of temporary efficiency.

Sedentary people should also pay attention to standing up and walking every hour or two, which can effectively promote blood flow in the legs and avoid pulmonary embolism.

Second, pay attention to your emotions.

If you know that you are angry, angry, grumpy and emotional, you should control it properly and find the right way to relieve your emotions.

Take things slowly, sometimes it will be faster.

If you find that you have signs of sudden death, don’t panic, rest quietly first, lie down when you are comfortable, and sit when you are comfortable, but don’t move unless necessary.

If there is oxygen inhalation equipment nearby, you should take oxygen as soon as possible with the help of your family or people around you.

At the same time, take the first-aid medicine that you carry with you immediately, such as chewing nitroglycerin and putting it under your tongue.

Patients with angina pectoris can usually relieve their pain in about two minutes. If the effect is not good, they can take a piece of nitroglycerin under their tongue 10 minutes later and call 120 emergency number quickly.

Finally, if you have spare capacity, you may be able to do your part by learning some first-aid skills when people around you suddenly fall to the ground and have signs of sudden death.

A report published in Military Medical Research shows that after cardiac arrest, the recovery rate of heartbeat can reach 41.7% if the rescue time is within 0~5 minutes; However, if the rescue time is within 5~10 minutes, the recovery rate of heartbeat is only 14.3%.

Therefore, in the first aid of sudden death, there has always been a saying of "golden four minutes". If we can grasp these few minutes, it is likely to save a life.

First aid can be done according to the following methods:

First of all, don’t carry or shake the patient, let him lie on his back on the ground, then pat the patient on the shoulder and call ta loudly.

Then observe the patient’s breathing: whether there is wheezing or abnormal breathing in the chest or abdomen (no more than ten seconds).

At the same time, touch the carotid artery for pulsation (non-medical personnel do not need to judge). At the same time, call for help loudly, and designate the personnel present to dial 120 emergency number. When there are no personnel present, call them quickly and keep effective communication with the medical staff in the emergency center.

If the patient is unconscious and his breathing and pulse disappear, chest compressions and artificial respiration should be performed immediately.

Pressing method: straighten your arms, one palm is close to the patient’s chest wall, the other palm is placed on the back of this hand, your fingers are crossed and held up, and the roots of your palms are forced.

Pressing position: the midpoint of the connecting line between the two nipples.

The compression amplitude and frequency are: the sternum sinks 5 ~ 6 cm (adult), and the chest fully rebounds after each compression, and the hands do not leave the chest wall, and the frequency is 100 ~ 120 times/minute.

按压时间与放松时间各占一半，放松时掌根部不要离开胸壁，以免按压点移位。

必要时进行人工呼吸：清理气道异物，仰头提颏法开放气道，一手捏鼻，嘴巴张大包紧患者嘴唇进行缓慢持续1秒钟吹气，吹气时余光观察患者胸廓是否微微起伏，放松捏鼻再次进行吹气。

按压和通气比例为30∶2，按压30次，人工呼吸2次，按压和人工呼吸5个循环后重新评估患者的意识、呼吸和脉搏。

*注意在开放气道的同时应用手指挖出病人口中异物或呕吐物，如有假牙者应取出假牙。

最后，如果旁边有自动体外除颤器（AED）就最好了。

设计AED的初衷就是让任何一个人都能毫无门槛地操作。因为情况紧迫，没有给人看说明书的时间，所以打开电源开关后，AED都是有语音提示的。

最后的最后，虽然九叔写文辛苦，但真心希望大家在生活中不会遇到上面的情况。

参考资料：

[1]赵智梅，陈晓松，杨仪君，杜鹏举，周攀豪. 我国5516例尸解猝死病例流行特征分析[J]. 中国急救医学, 2020, 40(2): 158-16

[2]王乾,赵丽. 心脏性猝死的研究进展[J]. 中华急诊医学杂志,2021,30(11)：1407-1409.

[3] Health first aid science teaches you to learn to use the life-saving artifact AED. Xinhuanet.2023-04-20.

[4]Gu XM, Yao SB, He ZJ, et al. Meta-analysis of the success rate of heartbeat recovery in patients with prehospital cardiac arrest in the past 40 years in China.Mil Med Res. 2020; 7(1):34.

[5] All sudden deaths are planned for a long time! We must pay attention to the six signals sent by the body. Wuxi CDC .2022-08-02.

[6] Guo Yu teenager Zhang Zhijie passed away after fainting. Emergency expert: Three life-saving links were missed at the scene. Upstream news .2024-07-01.

[7] After dissecting more than 5,000 cases of sudden death, doctors found that people who died suddenly had these rules! . Health Times. 2020-08-06.

[8] How to give first aid to patients with sudden cardiac death? Keep these four steps in mind. Healthy China. 2023-10-09.

Original title: "Dissecting 5516 cases of sudden death, discovering the law of sudden death: people who are prone to sudden death have four things in common"

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The original Singularity Cake Singularity Network is included in the collection # 50 Sports.

* For medical professionals only.

In addition to improving body muscle shape, exercise is more an effective health intervention, which is related to the reduction of the risk of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

However, it is easy to say that "exercise is good for physical and mental health", but it is difficult to explain the mechanism. There are still many unsolved mechanisms of exercise on systemic metabolic health. For example, a recent study shows that, but researchers have not directly proved the specific benefits of exercise to the liver [1].

This time, the team of He Congcong from Northwestern University found that the initiation of liver autophagy is a key link for exercise to bring systemic metabolic benefits.

Their research shows that exercise causes muscle to release a signal molecule called fibronectin 1(FN1), which reaches the liver through blood circulation and acts on α5β1 integrin on the surface of liver cells, thus triggering autophagy in the liver, thus improving metabolic health problems such as insulin sensitivity [2]. The article was recently published in the journal Cell Metabolism.

Screenshot of the first page of the paper

Autophagy abnormality has been considered to be related to many metabolic disorders in recent years. Previous studies have shown that exercise can induce autophagy in skeletal muscle of mice or humans through energy stress, oxidative stress and increase of intracellular Ca2+ level. In addition to these muscle tissues, many studies have shown that exercise can also activate autophagy in non-contractile muscle tissues such as liver, pancreas and adipose tissue, but the mechanism is still unclear [2].

Therefore, He Congcong and others deeply explored whether exercise can unlock the autophagy pathway of the liver and its role in systemic metabolic health.

First of all, they constructed a group of mouse models (ATG7Δliver) in which autophagy gene ATG7 was specifically down-expressed, so as to inhibit autophagy in liver cells.

Under the regular diet, the metabolic indexes of these mice are similar to those of wild-type mice. However, in the case of high-fat diet and running for 50 minutes every day, after 7 weeks, although the weight of the two groups of mice was similar, unlike wild-type mice, exercise did not save the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of ATG7Δliver mice under high-fat diet.

These indicate that the improvement of metabolic health by exercise depends on autophagy of liver cells.

Exercise can’t save at G7 δ liver mice.

The results of in vitro experiments show that plasma and serum of wild-type mice can activate hepatocyte autophagy when they are in exercise, but plasma or serum at rest can not. In other words, there is a switch in the blood to turn on the autophagy pathway of the liver.

After protein’s proteomic analysis of the blood of mice, the researchers found that the level of fibronectin (FN1), an extracellular matrix protein that can be expressed by many types of cells, increased significantly in the blood of wild-type mice after exercise.

In addition, the experimental results in vitro showed that adding activator of AMPK, a cell energy sensor, to the culture medium could induce muscle cells to secrete FN1, but could not induce liver cells to secrete FN1. This suggests that the level of FN1 in blood is regulated by AMPK, and exercise may activate AMPK in muscle.

In the exercise state (when AMPK is activated), the extra FN1 comes from muscle cells, not liver cells.

In order to further study the role of muscle-derived FN1 in exercise, researchers specifically depleted FN1 (FN1(FN1Δmuscle) in mice muscles.

The results showed that the level of FN1 in the blood circulation of FN1Δmuscle mice did not increase after wheel running. Compared with wild-type mice, these mice did not get the improvement of systemic insulin sensitivity caused by exercise.

Specifically, the exhaustion of muscle-specific FN1 in mice did not affect its exercise-induced muscle autophagy, muscle morphology and exercise ability, and at the same time, the improvement of exercise-induced insulin signal transduction (activation of Akt regulatory factors) could be observed in its muscles. However, in this group of mice, the exercise-induced liver autophagy pathway was not activated, and no improvement in exercise-induced insulin signal transduction was observed in the liver.

These indicate that FN1 released by muscle is very important for the initiation of liver autophagy during exercise.

The depletion of FN1 in muscle affects liver autophagy.

From the mechanism point of view, during exercise, muscles secrete FN1, which leads to the increase of FN1 level in blood circulation. FN1 binds and interacts with α5β1 integrin in liver, activating IKK-JNK1-BECN1 signal pathway in liver cells, thus starting liver autophagy, promoting liver autophagy and reducing liver fat accumulation.

If the expression of α5β1 integrin in the liver of mice is inhibited, the weight, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of mice can not be improved after high-fat diet and exercise, which proves the importance of α5β1 integrin -IKK-JNK1 pathway for the benefit of exercise-induced metabolism.

Overall, this study completed by He Congcong’s team shows that liver autophagy plays a key role in exercise-induced metabolic benefits, and reveals its mechanism. In addition, this study also shows that the metabolism of non-contractile muscle tissues such as liver can also be regulated by muscles.

References:

[1]Stine, J. G., DiJoseph, K., Pattison, Z., Harrington, A., Chinchilli, V. M., Schmitz, K. H., & Loomba, R. (2022) . Exercise Training Is Associated With Treatment Response in Liver Fat Content by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Independent of Clinically Significant Body Weight Loss in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology, 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002098. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000002098

[2]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1550413123000116

The author of this article is Zhang Aidi

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Although there are only three models on sale at present, its M5/M7/M9 models are the top "players". For example, can you imagine a large SUV with a price of more than 470,000, but in May, it obtained the report card of sales data of more than 16,400 new cars? Therefore, with the empowerment of Huawei, the brand of the world can indeed be called a soul, which is exactly what other car companies envy.

No, after the new model, the new model and the customer M9, the customer brand will soon launch a brand-new customer M8 model. The new car is expected to provide a 5/6 seat layout, and the price we guess will start at around 350,000 ~ 400,000. If the price forecast comes true, then there will undoubtedly be opponents in this price range. Let’s take a brief look at it.

Judging from the spy photos exposed, the appearance of the asking world M8 is basically the same as that of the asking world M9. It is also an iconic family-style front face design and a penetrating taillight. The overall visual perception is not much different from that of the asking world M9, but it is slightly smaller than that of the asking world M9 in terms of volume sense, which is also the reason why the positioning of the two models is different.

The picture shows the M9 extended range version (left) and the pure electric version (right).

As for the interior, the M8 is expected to adopt the same interior design as the M9. The center console is composed of a large LCD screen, which looks highly integrated, and the interior should also be equipped with Huawei’s latest HarmonyOS cockpit.

Other configurations, such as rear projection, car refrigerator, 25-speaker HUAWEI SOUND sound system and ADS 3.0 smart driving, should also be available, so I don’t think friends who care about configuration and functionality need to worry too much. This M8 can definitely give it to you.

In terms of power, if there is no accident, the M8 should also provide extended range version and pure electric version for selection. Taking the M9 as a reference, its extended-range model is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine and two front and rear motors, with a total power of 496 HP and a total torque of 675 Nm. The battery CTLC has a pure electric cruising range of 225km and 275km.

The pure electric version of the M9 is more simple and rude. The total power of the dual motors is 530 HP, and the maximum torque is 673 Nm. In terms of battery life, the CLTC of the pure electric version M9 has a pure electric cruising range of 630km and a battery capacity of 100kWh, using batteries from Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited. However, there are only two versions of the pure electric version, and the lowest starting price has reached 509,800, so most users may still buy the extended-range version.

Finally, there is no doubt that the market share of the ideal L8 must be threatened by the arrival of M8. After all, regardless of the price, size, configuration and power form, the M8 seems to be chasing the ideal L8. Therefore, if this new car is really sold at a price of less than 400,000, then the ideal L8 obviously has a strong opponent.

In a word, the brand of Jiejie, which is empowered by Huawei, has already begun to show its edge. With the coming of another new model, Jiejie M8, we also believe that the new car will definitely catch fire after it goes on the market, don’t you believe it? Then let’s wait and see ~ (Text/Youshi Automobile Dazhuo)

Note: The pictures are from the Internet, and the rights belong to the original author. If there is any infringement, please contact and delete them. Thank you! This article only represents the author’s personal views, and does not represent the position of AUV.

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A new invention: thermal liquid sensor was tested and verified in Chentian laboratory.

　　During the awarding ceremony of the 2017 Qiu Chengtong Science Prize, I talked with Professor Yao Qizhi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, an academician of the American Academy of Sciences and a Turing Prize winner.

　　On the eve of the Spring Festival, Li Chentian, a 17-year-old high school student from Zhuhai, went to the United States at the invitation of Tsinghua University to participate in the "Global Innovation Experience Camp" jointly organized by Tsinghua and Washington University. He won the best project award in this innovation challenge by virtue of the "active high-voltage power line deicing monitoring system" invented on the spot. Later, he flew back to Beijing, as a participant in the last ISEF (International Science and Engineering Grand Prix), and introduced his experience to the young people who were participating in the 2018 ISEF project selection and international exchange winter camp.

　　He invented the fluorine-free electronic refrigerator at the age of 9, the solar intelligent outdoor manhole cover management system at the age of 12, and the programmable terminal and operating system at the age of 13. So far, he has nine national invention patents … What kind of "awesome person" is Li Chentian? Why have you achieved so much at such a young age? The all-media reporter of Guangzhou Daily takes you to know the young man who is praised by the outside world as "Edison" in China.

　　At the age of 5, I designed light-controlled lanterns for myself.

　　Last weekend, when the reporter saw Jerry Lee Tianshi, he wore an old school uniform and black-rimmed glasses, which was very low-key; He was a little shy when he didn’t talk, but when he started talking about his invention, Li Chentian hardly stopped for more than two hours, and he spoke as fast as a machine gun. When I met some professional terms, I was a little confused when I watched the reporter. He kept changing his body movements to explain it.

　　Li Chentian’s family said that his whimsy began in childhood. My father said that he showed a strong interest in electricity when he was learning English in the early morning. Every time he was carried out by his mother and saw the neon lights flashing on the street, he would dance. "How can anyone be on the TV?" "How can a toy car automatically turn?" ….. Since I was two years old, I have often asked my parents who are all from liberal arts to be speechless.

　　Because of her strong interest in electronic products, at the age of five, Chen Tian borrowed her cousin’s middle school physics textbook for self-study. On the Spring Festival that year, the family was going back to their hometown. Before leaving, they were worried that the red lanterns hanging on the balcony of Zhuhai’s home were left unattended in the morning. They had been on for more than ten days, which was both a waste of electricity and a fear of causing safety accidents. He sprouted the idea of designing a light-controlled switch. "It will automatically turn off the lights when there is sunshine during the day and turn on the lights at night when there is no sunshine." As a result, he removed a sensitive relay from a radio through two days of fiddling, and really made such a switch through transformation.

　　However, in the eyes of Chen Tian, the first real invention was the "fluorine-free electronic refrigerator" he built when he was 9 years old. Later, he was out of control. At the age of 12, he invented the "solar intelligent outdoor manhole cover management system", and at the age of 13, he developed the "programmable cloud-and-thing terminal and operating system" … At the age of 12, he won the first prize in the Guangdong Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition for six consecutive years and won the national first prize three times. At the end of last year, Chentian won the Science Award and the Silver Award in Computer Science in the 2017 Qiu Chengtong Middle School Science Award Global Finals with his paper "Universal Power Adaptation Protocol (UPP) and Its Implementation". From provincial and municipal competitions to going abroad to represent China teenagers in ISEF, Li Chentian has won more than 30 scientific and technological innovation competitions, and has successfully applied for 9 national invention patents.

　　All whimsy comes from life.

　　"There is no epiphany in science. I just invested enough time in invention and creation. I just started the accumulation of’ 10,000 hours’ earlier." Li Chentian said modestly that to make inventions, we must first have a strong interest and then invest a lot of time.

　　Chen Tian said that you should be curious when making inventions and pay attention to everything that happens around you. All my whimsy comes from life. The idea of the project "Active High-voltage Power Line Deicing Monitoring System" when I participated in the Innovation Challenge in the United States originated from the ice disaster in 2008. He was deeply impressed by the embarrassing picture of manual mechanical deicing in the power sector on TV, so he always had an idea, "If the frozen wires can be deiced automatically, even the wires in the alpine zone can not be frozen!" Over the past few years, he has done a full technical demonstration for this project, and this global innovation experience camp just gave him such an opportunity. Chen Tian said, "Due to sufficient technology accumulation, the original prototype of this project took only two days, and finally won the highest award’ ‘Best Project Award’ in the participating projects."

　　The topic he is working on, "Variable Temperature and Pressure Pump", was inspired by his parents taking him skiing in Harbin during the winter vacation in 2016. At that time, he saw a small vendor barbecuing with liquefied gas on the street, and the fire went out. As a result, he saw the small vendor cover the gas bottle with a towel, pour some boiling water on the towel, and the fire "sprayed" again. He said that when he saw this phenomenon, he was very excited and thought that this phenomenon might solve the problem of transporting low-viscosity liquids such as refrigerants that he had always wanted to solve. If the pressure in the pump chamber is changed by changing the temperature instead of moving parts such as piston, wouldn’t it be possible to manufacture a pump without moving parts?

　　Parents support the "disruptive" behavior of disassembling and tampering with household appliances from an early age.

　　Chen Tian said, "If I make small achievements, I would like to thank my parents for their tolerance and support." Since childhood, his parents never forced him to attend interest classes, and he was not required to be a schoolmaster. He said that he has never attended any cram school since he went to school. During the holiday, he either stayed at home to make inventions or participated in scientific and technological competitions and exchanges in various places.

　　Parents also fully support the "disruptive" behavior of dismantling household appliances that they have shown since childhood. Just in the first grade of primary school, in order to study the temperature control switch, I dismantled a newly bought electric heating plate imported from Germany at home in the morning. At that time, the market price was more than 2,000 yuan. When he was 9 years old, he developed a fluorine-free electronic refrigerator. In order to buy a refrigerator, his parents took him to Beijing to find many shops, and finally spent three days scouring Zhongguancun for the desired products.

　　In order to support his son’s innovation and invention, his father set up a "morning lab" for him at home. In this laboratory, the reporter saw a laser positioning machine, a small supercomputer with 72 cores, a multifunctional calibration measuring instrument with data stability of 2ppm, a multifunctional vector network analyzer and a very advanced mixed-signal oscilloscope.

　　"Over the years, the equipment in this laboratory alone has invested more than one million yuan, not including thousands of old electronic products that he invents and buys every time and dismantles." Chen Tian’s father smiled and said, "If we only talk about the electronic laboratory, my laboratory may be the best in Zhuhai."

　　However, apart from scientific and technological inventions, Chen Tian has no other hobbies. As long as he doesn’t go out to participate in scientific and technological competitions and exchanges in his spare time, he basically stays in this laboratory.

　　Learning computer programming in the fifth grade of primary school is painful to cry.

　　Li Chentian does not agree with the reputation of the outside world as a "genius boy". His parents have repeatedly stressed that their children have only shown strong interest in electrical appliances and circuits since childhood, and they are ordinary teenagers. "He is only willing to spend time on electronics," my father said seriously. "Since I was a child, I love to disassemble things. Others sell old household appliances at home, and my family often buys them back from outside."

　　Chen Tian added that every design or invention is not always smooth sailing, and there are many failures. There are two or three thousand discarded circuit boards at home. And when learning theoretical knowledge, I once had the idea of giving up. With the deepening of scientific research, he had to learn computer programming for a project in the fifth grade of primary school. Most of the electronic components encountered before are concrete things, while computer assembly language is too abstract. For a child in the fifth grade of elementary school, it is like reading a gobbledygook at first. "If you don’t understand, you can’t learn!" Sometimes I read until late at night, and in the morning I said that I was so miserable that I cried and wanted to give up several times. Finally, with the encouragement of his father, he persisted, and it took him more than a month to write the first program-"digital clock". Looking at the success of the first string of code written by myself, Chentian jumped with excitement. "He was yelling, and then he ran downstairs from upstairs and kept shouting, Dad, I made it up." Dad recalled.

　　Text, map/wide newspaper all-media reporter Chen Zhijia

In 2020, under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, the province’s education system adhered to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implemented the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly studied and implemented the important exposition of the Supreme Leader on education, the spirit of the national and provincial education conferences and the Party’s education policy, accelerated the modernization of education, built a strong education province, and ran a satisfactory education for the people, and made new progress in the development of various educational undertakings at all levels.

I. Synthesis

There are 15,330 schools of all levels and types in the province [1], an increase of 153 schools or 1.01% over the previous year; There were 8,319,173 students in schools and educational institutions at all levels, an increase of 283,345 students or 3.53% over the previous year; There were 525,911 full-time teachers, an increase of 14,562 or 2.85% over the previous year.

Second, preschool education

There are 8,204 kindergartens in the province, an increase of 156 or 1.94% over the previous year. Pre-school education in the park [2] 501,347 children; There are 1,413,426 children in the kindergarten [3], an increase of 23,894 or 1.72% over the previous year.

There are 178,817 kindergarten teachers and staff, an increase of 9,101 or 5.36% over the previous year; There were 98,276 full-time teachers, an increase of 3,228 or 3.40% over the previous year.

Third, compulsory education

There are 6,251 compulsory education schools in the province, with 913,913 students, 4,060,324 students and 278,194 full-time teachers.

1. Primary school

There are 4,610 primary schools in the province, a decrease of 30 or 0.65% over the previous year. 514,146 students were enrolled, an increase of 3,213 students or 0.63% over the previous year; There were 2,892,019 students in school, an increase of 116,145 or 4.18% over the previous year; There were 398,105 graduates, an increase of 7,914 or 2.03% over the previous year. The net enrollment rate of primary school-age children [4] is 99.97%.

There are 173,278 teaching and administrative staff in primary schools [5] (excluding nine-year compulsory schools and twelve-year compulsory schools), an increase of 6,206 over the previous year, with an increase of 3.71%; There were 177,084 full-time teachers, an increase of 6,375 or 3.73% over the previous year. The qualification rate of full-time teachers [6] is 100%, which is the same as last year. The ratio of students to teachers is 16.33:1.

The total number of primary schools was 74,111, an increase of 2,752 over the previous year. Among them, there were 1,612 large classes with 56-65 students, 2,658 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 2.18% of the total number of classes, down 3.81 percentage points from the previous year; There are 0 super classes with more than 66 people.

2. Junior high school

There are 1,641 junior middle schools in the province, an increase of 29 or 1.80% over the previous year. Enrolled 399,767 students, an increase of 7,448 students or 1.90% over the previous year; 1,168,305 students, an increase of 44,786 or 3.99% over the previous year; There were 353,880 graduates, an increase of 2,520 or 0.72% over the previous year. The gross enrollment rate in junior high school [7] is 107.29%.

There are 117,314 junior high school teachers and staff, an increase of 4,449 or 3.94% over the previous year; There are 101,110 full-time teachers, an increase of 1,187 or 1.19% over the previous year. The qualification rate of junior high school full-time teachers was 99.97%, which was the same as last year. The ratio of students to teachers is 11.55:1.

The total number of junior high school classes is 25,659, an increase of 1,086 over the previous year. Among them, there were 234 large classes with 56-65 students, a decrease of 660 over the previous year, accounting for 0.91% of the total number of classes, a decrease of 2.73 percentage points over the previous year; There are 0 super-large classes with more than 66 people.

3. Migrant children [8]

There are 406,378 children of migrant workers in the compulsory education stage. Among them, 311,424 students attended primary schools and 94,954 students attended junior high schools.

Fourth, special education

There are 70 special education schools in the province, an increase of 4 or 6.06% over the previous year. There are 1,614 full-time teachers in special education schools, an increase of 95 or 6.25% over the previous year.

Enrolled 3,185 special education students in various forms [9], a decrease of 13 students or 0.41% over the previous year; There were 19,361 students, an increase of 1,002 or 5.46% over the previous year; There were 3,156 graduates, an increase of 744 or 30.85% over the previous year.

Fifth, high school education

There are 694 schools in the province’s high school education [10], a decrease of 7 schools or 1.00% over the previous year; Enrolled 319,589 students, a decrease of 2,314 students or 0.72% over the previous year; There were 934,235 students in school, a decrease of 7,185 or 0.76% compared with the previous year.

1. Ordinary high schools

There are 464 ordinary high schools in the province, 7 fewer than the previous year, down by 1.49%; Enrolled 212,548 students, a decrease of 164 students or 0.08% over the previous year; There were 654,448 students, a decrease of 29,443 or 4.31% over the previous year; There were 241,318 graduates, a decrease of 10,917 or 4.33% over the previous year.

There are 86,958 teaching and administrative staff in ordinary senior high schools, a decrease of 915 or 1.04% over the previous year. There were 57,224 full-time teachers, a decrease of 249 or 0.43% over the previous year. The ratio of students to teachers is 11.44:1. The qualification rate of full-time teachers’ academic qualifications was 99.41%, an increase of 0.33 percentage points over the previous year.

2. Secondary vocational education

There are 230 secondary vocational education [11] schools in the province, which is the same as last year. Among them, there are 31 general secondary specialized schools, which is the same as last year; 196 vocational high schools, unchanged from the previous year; There are 3 adult secondary specialized schools, the same as last year.

Secondary vocational education enrolled 107,041 students, 2,150 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 33.49% of the total enrollment of senior high school education in the province. Among them, general secondary specialized schools enrolled 27,660 students, an increase of 1,629 students or 6.26% over the previous year; Vocational high schools enrolled 79,280 students, a decrease of 3,820 students or 4.60% over the previous year; Adult secondary specialized schools enrolled 101 students, an increase of 41 students or 68.33% over the previous year.

There are 279,787 students in secondary vocational education, an increase of 22,258 over the previous year, accounting for 29.95% of the total number of students in high school education in the province. Among them, there are 70,400 students in general secondary specialized schools, an increase of 8,441 or 13.62% over the previous year; There are 209,061 students in vocational high schools, an increase of 13,785 over the previous year, an increase of 7.06%; There are 326 students in adult secondary specialized schools, 32 more than the previous year, with an increase of 10.88%.

There were 73,941 secondary vocational education graduates, an increase of 923 or 1.26% over the previous year. Among them, there were 17,251 graduates from ordinary secondary specialized schools, an increase of 352 over the previous year; 56,588 vocational high school graduates, an increase of 663 over the previous year; There were 102 graduates from adult secondary specialized schools, 92 fewer than the previous year.

There are 19,741 teachers and staff in secondary vocational education schools, an increase of 841 over the previous year. Among them, there are 2,666 faculty members in ordinary secondary specialized schools, a decrease of 430 from the previous year; There are 16,896 teaching and administrative staff in vocational high schools, an increase of 1,276 over the previous year; There are 179 teaching and administrative staff in adult secondary specialized schools, 5 fewer than the previous year.

There are 15,190 full-time teachers in secondary vocational education schools, an increase of 843 over the previous year. Among them, there are 1,853 full-time teachers in ordinary secondary specialized schools, a decrease of 298 over the previous year; There are 13,216 full-time teachers in vocational high schools, an increase of 1,118 over the previous year; There are 121 full-time teachers in adult secondary specialized schools, an increase of 23 over the previous year. The ratio of students to teachers is 18.42:1.

VI. Higher education

There are 110 higher education schools in the province. Among them, there are 96 ordinary colleges and universities, an increase of 1 over the previous year, and 14 adult colleges and universities. There are 57 ordinary undergraduate colleges, the same as last year. There are 39 higher vocational colleges, an increase of one over the previous year. There are 50 graduate training institutions in the province, including 28 colleges and universities and 22 scientific research institutions. The total number of all kinds of higher education students in the province is [12]1,904,431, an increase of 105,293 over the previous year.

The whole province enrolled 59,041 graduate students [13], an increase of 10,846 over the previous year, with an increase of 22.50%. Among them, 5,681 doctoral students were enrolled, an increase of 541 over the previous year; 53,360 master students were enrolled, an increase of 10,305 over the previous year. There are 165,911 graduate students, an increase of 19,226 or 13.11% over the previous year. Among them, there are 24,886 doctoral students, an increase of 2,068 over the previous year; There are 141,025 master students studying, an increase of 17,158 over the previous year. There were 37,388 graduate students, an increase of 4,918 over the previous year. Among them, 2,942 graduated doctoral students and 34,446 graduated master students.

There were 387,950 students enrolled in general colleges, an increase of 16,058 students or 4.32% over the previous year. 1,210,048 students, an increase of 88,058 or 7.85% over the previous year; There were 291,648 graduates, a decrease of 1,848 or 0.63% over the previous year.

There were 101,297 students enrolled in adult colleges, an increase of 3,651 students or 3.74% over the previous year. There were 218,199 students, an increase of 23,845 or 12.27% over the previous year; There were 73,907 graduates, an increase of 11,552 or 18.53% over the previous year.

There are 110,130 faculty members in colleges and universities in the province, an increase of 2,213 or 2.05% over the previous year; There were 73,436 full-time teachers, an increase of 3,118 or 4.43% over the previous year. The ratio of students to teachers in ordinary colleges and universities is [14]19.00:1. There are 2,381 faculty members in adult colleges and universities, 84 fewer than the previous year; There are 1,306 full-time teachers, an increase of 22 over the previous year.

VII. Private education

There are 4,451 private schools (institutions) at all levels in the province, 340 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 29.03% of the total number of schools at all levels in the province. There are 1,579,305 students, a decrease of 68,109 over the previous year. Among them:

There were 3,913 private kindergartens, a decrease of 341 or 8.02% over the previous year. There are 700,831 children in the park, 127,287 fewer than the previous year, down by 15.37%.

There are 227 private ordinary primary schools, 2 fewer than the previous year, down by 0.87%. There were 258,623 students, an increase of 19,413 or 8.12% over the previous year.

There are 105 private junior high schools, an increase of 4 over the previous year, with an increase of 3.96%. There were 162,171 students, an increase of 10,553 or 6.96% over the previous year.

There are 87 private ordinary high schools, one less than the previous year, down by 1.14%. There were 71,547 students in school, a decrease of 439 students or 0.61% compared with the previous year.

There are 79 private secondary vocational schools, one less than the previous year, down by 1.25%. There were 71,926 students, an increase of 6,561 or 10.04% over the previous year.

There are 32 private colleges and universities (including 10 independent colleges), an increase of 1 over the previous year, with an increase of 3.23%. There were 309,399 students, an increase of 25,818 or 9.10% over the previous year.

Notes:

[1] Due to rounding, some data in the report may be different from the total of sub-items.

[2] Including independent kindergartens and children with kindergarten classes. In 2019, according to the development of education, the index of preschool children entering the park was revised. The number of children entering the park (class) refers to the number of children entering preschool education for the first time.

[3] Including independent kindergartens and children with kindergarten classes.

[4] The net enrollment rate of primary school-age children refers to the percentage of the school-age population in primary education in the total population of the age group stipulated by the state for primary education, which is calculated according to different school age and academic system.

[5] Because the number of teachers and staff in the nine-year compulsory school is included in the junior high school education, the number of teachers and staff in the complete middle school and the twelve-year compulsory school is included in the senior high school education, and the full-time teachers are classified according to the education level, so there are cases where the data of primary school teachers and staff are less than that of full-time teachers.

[6] The qualification rate of full-time teachers’ academic qualifications refers to the percentage of the number of full-time teachers with the minimum academic qualifications stipulated by the state in a certain level of education to the total number of full-time teachers in that level of education. The minimum education requirements for teachers at all levels refer to the relevant provisions in the Teachers Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC): to obtain the qualification of primary school teachers, one should have graduated from a secondary normal school or above; To obtain the qualifications of a junior middle school teacher, a primary vocational school culture teacher and a professional teacher, one should have graduated from a normal college or other college or above; To obtain the qualifications of teachers in senior middle schools and teachers in cultural courses and specialized courses in secondary specialized schools, technical schools and vocational high schools, one should have a bachelor’s degree or above in normal universities or other universities.

[7] Gross enrollment rate refers to the percentage of the total number of students regardless of age in a certain level of education in the population of the age group specified by the state at that level of education. The gross enrollment rate may exceed 100% due to the inclusion of students in the informal age group (younger or over-aged).

[8] The children of migrant workers refer to school-age children and adolescents whose household registration is registered in the rural areas of other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and counties (districts) outside the province, and who go to the urban areas and towns (live together) where their parents are imported and receive compulsory education.

[9] Including special education schools, special education classes, students who study in regular classes and send them to their homes.

[10] High school education includes ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools.

[11] Secondary vocational education includes general secondary specialized schools, vocational high schools and adult secondary specialized schools, excluding technical schools.

[12] Including graduate students, ordinary undergraduate students, adult undergraduate students, online undergraduate students, higher education self-study exams and other forms of higher education students.

[13] According to the relevant requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Coordinating the Management of Full-time and Part-time Postgraduates (Teaching and Research Department [2016] No.2), the connotation of postgraduate enrollment and students in 2017 changed, and the data of part-time postgraduates increased.

[14] The ratio of students to teachers in ordinary colleges and universities, the total number of students is equivalent to the number of students.

　　Where have you planted grass recently? With the internet deeply embedded in people’s daily lives, social networks have become the main position for the spread of cultural tourism projects. Zibo BBQ, Tianshui Mala Tang, Guizhou "Village Supermarket", Chaoshan singing and dancing … … Relying on the fission spread of social networks, a number of phenomenal IP’s of cultural tourism have sprung up and gained popularity, which has driven the explosive growth of cultural tourism industry and promoted the local brand and image. Many places are also eyeing the new opportunities brought by social network communication, starting the "rocking people" mode and striving to become the next destination in online celebrity.

　　Shandong Zibo barbecue

　　"The fragrance of wine is also afraid of the depth of the alley", and the ingenious fancy propaganda has generated different traffic passwords, which has enabled many natural landscapes and cultural heritages of "bred in an inner chamber, with no one knowing her" to spread in a "broken circle". However, in some places, in the process of online marketing, there have also been practices that are divorced from reality, so that tourists come on impulse and return disappointed. For example, some scenic spots rely on "violent retouching" and AI synthetic videos to publish propaganda content that is inconsistent with the actual landscape; Some literary travel performances are over-exaggerated, full of vulgar, kitsch and vulgar pictures; Even the heads of cultural tourism departments in some places followed suit, ignoring the actual development of local cultural tourism, and the performance became self-entertainment. If everything goes too far, promoting "excessive force" will not only make the audience feel tired and resistant, but also raise the expectations of tourists too much and create the impression that "the goods are not right". Internet comment is a "double-edged sword". If it is divorced from reality and over-hyped, the higher it is blown, the worse it will fall.

　　Tourists in Jingxi, Guangxi are sightseeing in the scenic spot.

　　Rich tourism resources and profound cultural heritage are the basis and foundation for local development of cultural tourism. It is inseparable from sincere attitude and solid service to catch the "sky-splashing traffic". The development of cultural tourism is a comprehensive experience. Although some places are endowed with natural resources, due to insufficient investment in the early stage, weak infrastructure and reception capacity, they cannot meet the diversified needs of tourists, and they lack the ability to deal with emergencies and respond to risks after the influx of huge traffic. While actively operating social network accounts, relevant places need to "keep fit" and cultivate "internal strength", improve the cultural tourism industry chain, and make overall plans to improve the hardware level and software quality.

　　Tourists enjoy the scenery in Suzhou scenic spot, Jiangsu Province

　　Creating a high-quality cultural travel IP lies in the accumulation of word of mouth. The cultural tourism industry is an important starting point for promoting consumption and expanding domestic demand. It needs to be clear that some scenic spots not only win traffic but also leave word of mouth because they persistently strengthen service quality supervision and create a tourist-friendly tourism environment. All in all, the propaganda of cultural tourism is innovative and grounded, so as to truly retain tourists and win a good reputation. (Zhong Wang, special commentator of Yangguang. com)

　　In order to strictly control the entry of employees and evaluation experts of Shanxi government procurement agencies, standardize the practice behavior of government procurement agencies and evaluation experts, and effectively improve the professional service level of Shanxi government procurement employees. On January 20, 2024, Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance organized the examination for employees and evaluation experts of government procurement agencies in the whole province, with a total of more than 14,000 participants. The examination changed the way of studying with the exam in the past, organized a centralized and unified online exam for the first time, adhered to the principles of fairness, impartiality and openness, and adopted the methods of unifying examination papers in the whole province, randomly selecting examination questions, conducting technical inspection in the whole process, answering questions specially after the exam, etc., and comprehensively examined the mastery and application ability of agency employees and evaluation experts on government procurement knowledge.　

　　In order to organize the exam, Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance made an implementation plan in advance, actively provided personnel and technical support, fully predicted all kinds of emergencies and formulated emergency response plans. During the examination, most candidates strictly abide by the discipline of the examination room and answer carefully, showing a good examination style and a solid professional foundation. According to statistics, a total of 2,756 agency employees and 11,413 evaluation experts took the exam, with passing rates of 65.57% and 47.85% respectively.　

　　In the next step, the Shanxi Provincial Department of Finance will intensify the training, assessment and continuing education of government procurement agencies and evaluation experts, and in accordance with the management requirements of government procurement agencies and evaluation experts, focus on the registration of the list of government procurement agencies and the warehousing of evaluation experts for review, forming a normalization mechanism. Enhance the initiative and enthusiasm of government procurement practitioners in learning government procurement laws and regulations, continuously improve the professional quality, professional ability and professional ethics of government procurement practitioners, avoid problems such as unprofessional, disorderly practice and unethical competition in the industry, guide agencies and evaluation experts to take the road of standardization and specialization, and build a team of government procurement practitioners who are in compliance with laws and regulations, skilled in professionalism, fair and just, transparent and efficient, and provide high-quality services.　

Sample (Sample), a collection of elements extracted from a population. The same population can extract several samples to form a set, such as 1,000 people from 10,000 Beijing citizens, and there areTwo kinds of extraction methods (without repeated sampling), the set of elements obtained by each extraction method is a sample. In the process of obtaining data, we are often limited to human, material and financial resources, and it is impossible to exhaust all the extraction methods to collect data. Researchers usually get one of so many samples. Therefore, the sample is not unique and uncertain for researchers, but once the data of a sample is collected, its characteristics can be characterized by the collected data. Therefore, the characteristics of the sample are known.

　

A generalized numerical measure that describes the characteristics of a sample is called sample statistics (Statistics), which is some quantities calculated according to the sample data, is a function of the sample. Sample statistics mainly include sample mean., sample standard deviation, sample proportionWait. The number of elements constituting a sample is called sample size or sample size (Sample size), generally usedExpress.

China must be strong and agriculture must be strong. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China drew a grand blueprint for promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization, and clearly put forward the great strategic goal of accelerating the construction of an agricultural power. The most arduous and arduous task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way is still in the countryside. This report reviews the development of China’s agriculture and rural areas in 2022, predicts the development trend in 2023, and points out the key issues that need attention in the future economic and social development of China’s agriculture and rural areas.

Agriculture has progressed steadily, and grain has climbed at a high level.

The year 2022 is a crucial year for the "14th Five-Year Plan" and an important year for China to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way and March into a new journey towards the goal of the second century. China’s economy overcame the multi-point spread of the epidemic and showed a recovery trend in the second half of the year. Agriculture and rural areas continued to develop steadily with high quality, which once again reflected the important role of ballast stones.

The basic position of agriculture and rural areas has been further consolidated. All localities have effectively responded to the epidemic situation and the impact of natural disasters, and the agricultural and rural economy has maintained a good momentum of development as a whole. In 2022, the added value of the primary industry increased by 4.1% over the previous year, reaching 8,834.5 billion yuan, accounting for 7.30% of the GDP of 121,020.7 billion yuan, slightly higher than that in 2021. In the first three quarters of 2022, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 9.8 trillion yuan. Among them, the total output value of agriculture was 5,194.2 billion yuan, the total output value of forestry was 399.15 billion yuan, the total output value of animal husbandry was 2,670.9 billion yuan, and the total output value of fishery was 989.62 billion yuan, which provided a solid support for stabilizing the overall situation of economic and social development.

Grain production continued to climb at a high level, and the goal of stable production and supply was successfully achieved. In 2022, the national grain sown area was 1.775 billion mu, an increase of 10.519 million mu over the previous year, with a year-on-year increase of 0.6%. The total grain output reached 1,373.06 billion Jin, an increase of 7.36 billion Jin over the previous year, and remained stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years. In the face of the global food crisis, China’s grain production has achieved "19 consecutive harvests", and Chinese’s rice bowl has become more secure. The national soybean and oilseed productivity improvement project was launched, and the soybean oilseed expansion has achieved remarkable results, expanding the scale of grain-soybean rotation and promoting the soybean-corn strip compound planting area of more than 15 million mu; The area, yield and total yield of rapeseed harvested in summer have achieved "three increases", and other oil crops such as peanuts and oil sunflower have shown a stable production trend.

In-depth implementation of the strategy of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology" has continuously improved the comprehensive agricultural production capacity. By the end of 2022, 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be built nationwide, accounting for more than half of all cultivated land; The seed industry revitalization campaign started well, and a world-class national crop and marine fishery biological germplasm resource bank has been built; Stabilize grain, expand oil, improve quality and efficiency, optimize and adjust national seed production counties and regional breeding bases, and increase the seed supply guarantee rate from 70% to 75%; The level of agricultural mechanization has improved steadily, and the mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest has exceeded 72%, of which the comprehensive mechanization rate of wheat cultivation and harvest has reached over 97%, basically realizing the whole mechanization. The mechanization level of animal husbandry, aquatic products and facility agriculture has improved significantly; The agricultural technology system and agricultural technology extension system were further improved, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress exceeded 62%.

The price fluctuation of agricultural products is widely concerned. In the four quarters of 2022, the producer price index of agricultural products (the same period of last year =100) was 93.3, 99.3, 108.2 and 105.7 respectively. Among them, the price of livestock products fluctuated the most, and the producer price index was 74.7, 88.3, 115.4 and 125.2 respectively. Pork prices showed a trend of first falling and then rising. From January to March, 2022, the ex-factory price of lean-skinned pigs dropped from 18.95 yuan to 15.73 yuan per kilogram. After March, the price of pork continued to rise, reaching a peak of 34.41 yuan per kilogram in October and falling back to 24.79 yuan in December.

The price of important agricultural materials is rising obviously. The price of corn is at a historical high, and the prices of other major raw materials are higher than the same period in 2021, which has promoted the year-on-year increase in the ex-factory prices of compound feed and concentrated feed products. The price of soybean meal continues to rise. Since February 2022, the opening price of soybean meal futures has exceeded 4,000 yuan/ton. In the first three quarters, the prices of chemical fertilizers such as potassium chloride, urea and diammonium phosphate generally showed an upward trend. In September 2022, the prices of domestic potassium chloride, domestic diammonium phosphate and domestic urea were 3,954.8 yuan, 3,776.16 yuan and 2,745.71 yuan per ton, respectively, which were 28.32%, 17.74% and 20.52% higher than those in January. In November, it dropped to 3604.30 yuan, 3589.30 yuan and 2695.15 yuan per ton respectively.

Agricultural products trade keeps the pattern of "big import and small export"

Affected by the global extreme weather and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the world agricultural products market volatility intensified in 2022. The food price monitoring data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) shows that the international food demand continues to be firm, but the food supply decreases, and the prices of all kinds of food in the international market remain high.

In 2022, the import and export amount of agricultural products in China reached US$ 334.32 billion, a year-on-year increase of 9.9%. Among them, the import value was US$ 236.06 billion, up 7.4% year-on-year; The export value was US$ 98.26 billion, up 16.5% year-on-year. The export was mainly concentrated in labor-intensive agricultural products such as aquatic products, vegetables, melons and fruits and tea. The trade deficit of agricultural products reached US$ 137.8 billion, slightly larger than that in 2021. Generally speaking, China’s agricultural products trade still presents a pattern of "big import and small export", supplemented by the international market, which meets the domestic demand for agricultural products.

The import quantity of different varieties of grain mostly shows a downward trend compared with the same period in 2021. In 2022, except for the significant increase in rice imports, wheat imports increased slightly, and corn and soybean imports decreased. Among them, corn imports were 20.62 million tons, down 27.3% year-on-year. Soybean imports were 91.08 million tons, down 5.6% year-on-year. However, due to the rising international soybean prices, China’s soybean imports still increased by 14.4% compared with the same period in 2021, reaching 61.24 billion US dollars. China’s soybean imports mainly come from Brazil and the United States, with Brazil accounting for about 2/3 and the United States accounting for about 30%.

Green development of agriculture has reached a new level.

The green development of agriculture has achieved remarkable results.

First, the supply capacity of high-quality agricultural products has been continuously enhanced. According to the data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in 2022, the pass rate of routine monitoring of quality and safety of agricultural products in China exceeded 97.6%, and the number of green, organic and geographical indication agricultural products totaled more than 63,000, and the brand effect of agricultural green food continued to expand.

Second, the environmental protection effect of agricultural producing areas is remarkable. The improvement of comprehensive utilization rate of crop straw, agricultural film recycling rate and comprehensive utilization rate of livestock manure effectively promoted the governance of agricultural industrial environment, reaching 88%, 80% and 78% respectively. By the second quarter of 2022, the effective coefficient of farmland irrigation water in China has increased to 0.57. According to statistics, in 2021, the national fertilizer application amount was 51.91 million tons (in pure terms), which was 13.8% less than that in 2015, and the fertilizer application amount kept decreasing for six consecutive years, and the fertilization structure was optimized. The consumption of pesticides in China was 248,000 tons (100% off), which was 16.8% lower than that in 2015, and kept negative growth for six consecutive years. At the same time, low-toxic and slightly toxic pesticides accounted for 85%. The coverage rate of green prevention and control of major crop pests and diseases in China is 46%; The safe utilization rate of polluted farmland exceeds 90%.

Digitalization helps increase agricultural efficiency and farmers’ income.

Remarkable progress has been made in the construction of digital villages, and the digital gap between urban and rural areas has been further narrowed. Internet infrastructure in rural areas has been comprehensively improved. According to the report of China Internet Network Information Center, as of June 2022, the Internet penetration rate in rural areas reached 58.8%, up 1.2% from December 2021. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, more than 800,000 5G base stations will be opened in 2022, realizing "broadband access to every village" and "5G access to counties" nationwide.

E-commerce of agricultural products has developed vigorously, and online retail of agricultural products has increased significantly. In 2022, the national rural online retail sales reached 2.17 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.6%. The online retail sales of agricultural products nationwide reached 531.38 billion yuan, up 9.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 7.3 percentage points higher than that in 2021. Rural e-commerce has become an important means to help rural revitalization and consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation.

In recent years, the overall development level of county digital inclusive finance in China has been continuously improved, which has injected new kinetic energy into rural revitalization. Emerging modes such as land transfer, agricultural materials e-commerce, online platform for agricultural machinery services and online agricultural technology services have also promoted the further application of digital information and technology in the circulation of agricultural production factors.

The per capita disposable income of rural residents continues to grow faster than that of urban residents. In 2022, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 20,133 yuan, up 6.3% year-on-year. After deducting the price factor, the real growth rate was 4.2%, which was 1.2 percentage points higher than the economic growth rate, and the nominal growth rate and real growth rate were 2.4 and 2.3 percentage points faster than those of urban residents respectively.

From the perspective of income composition, all four types of income have increased throughout the year. Among them, the wage income is 8449 yuan, accounting for about 42.0% of the per capita disposable income of rural residents; The net operating income is 6972 yuan, accounting for about 34.6%; The net transfer income is 4203 yuan, accounting for about 20.9%; The net income of property is 509 yuan, accounting for about 2.5%.

With the continuous improvement of rural logistics system and commercial facilities, rural residents’ consumption expenditure has overcome the impact of the epidemic and gradually recovered in fluctuations. In 2022, the per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 16,632 yuan, a real increase of 2.5% after deducting the price factor. The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents is 2.7 percentage points higher than that of national residents and 4.2 percentage points higher than that of urban residents.

The Central Rural Work Conference emphasized that consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation is the bottom line task of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. Whether this task can be promoted smoothly depends on the industrial development in poverty-stricken areas and the employment situation of poverty-stricken people.

In 2022, the subsidy funds for rural revitalization by the central government increased by 5.4% over the previous year, reaching 165 billion yuan, of which more than 55% was used for industrial development. All 832 poverty-stricken counties in China have cultivated leading industries in combination with their own resource conditions. In order to ensure the employment of the people out of poverty and increase their income, relevant local departments have strengthened employment training and developed public welfare posts, and achieved good results. More than 65.7% of the monitored objects have eliminated the risk of returning to poverty. The number of migrant workers out of poverty nationwide reached 32.78 million, exceeding the annual target and task. In November 2022, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Measures for the Implementation of the Responsibility System for Rural Revitalization, which further clarified the responsibilities of departments at all levels and consolidated the institutional foundation for rural revitalization.

Modernization transformation has entered a critical stage.

At present, China’s agricultural and rural areas have entered a critical stage of modernization, and the future development of agricultural and rural areas should focus on the following links.

First, profoundly grasp and practice the concept of big food. The central rural work conference pointed out that it is necessary to establish a big food concept, build a diversified food supply system and develop food sources in multiple ways. With the improvement of living standards and agricultural production efficiency, the food consumption structure of residents has changed significantly, and the single diet structure has become a thing of the past, and the food sources are more diverse and abundant. This requires the effective supply of meat, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, aquatic products and other foods to meet people’s nutritional and health needs while ensuring food supply. All-round and multi-channel development of food resources is not the uncontrolled development of natural resources such as cultivated land, grassland, forest and ocean, but the efficient use of resources under the framework of ecological civilization construction, with more emphasis on resource conservation and ecological protection. To practice the concept of big food, it is necessary to constantly improve the agricultural production and management system and mechanism with the rural land system as the core, and adopt environment-friendly agricultural production and processing technology to achieve the balance between material demand and natural resources.

The second is to accelerate the reshaping of urban-rural relations. Influenced by traditional industrialization, China’s urban-rural dual structure has not been completely broken, which restricts the process of economic and social modernization. The income gap between urban and rural areas is the most direct manifestation. Although the income ratio between urban and rural areas is decreasing, the ratio of urban and rural per capita disposable income is 2.45∶1 in 2022, but the absolute value of the per capita disposable income gap between urban and rural residents still reaches 29,150 yuan. Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the Communist Party of China, put forward that priority should be given to the development of agriculture and rural areas, and the integration of urban and rural areas should be adhered to, so as to smooth the flow of urban and rural factors. Urban prosperity and rural prosperity cannot be separated. In essence, the rural revitalization strategy is to rationalize the relationship between workers and peasants and the relationship between urban and rural areas from a strategic perspective. To completely break the dual structure of urban and rural areas means changing the one-way flow pattern of resources from agriculture and rural areas to cities and industries, and realizing the two-way flow of urban and rural labor, capital, technology and data. In the future, we should focus on county development and comprehensively promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. On the one hand, it is necessary to upgrade the infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas within the county scope to enhance the rural value; On the other hand, it is necessary to optimize the layout of county space and industrial planning, accelerate the two-way flow of factors, and realize that agriculture is supplemented by industry, rural areas are led by cities, and agricultural and rural areas are promoted to prosperity by urban radiation.

Third, give full play to the important role of rural collective economy in agricultural and rural modernization. Developing a new rural collective economy is one of the core tasks of building an agricultural power. At present, the new rural collective economy has formed various forms of development, and its business activities include resource contracting, property leasing, intermediary services, resource use rights, and rural construction projects with financial input. All localities are still exploring the integration of multi-village resources by strong village companies to encourage the development of the group. With the deepening of agricultural modernization, the business activities of collective economic organizations extend to the fields of scale operation and agricultural socialized service. Generally speaking, the new rural collective economy has shown great vitality, and its role in rural economic development, industrial prosperity and farmers’ income increase has become more and more obvious. To speed up the process of agricultural and rural modernization, we need to give full play to the important role of rural collective economy. As one of the forms of public ownership, the collective economy is an important part of the market economy in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Adhere to the advantages of the combination of unification and separation of rural management system, give play to the function of "unification" of rural collective economy, and lay a solid foundation for common prosperity.

The growth trend will remain unchanged in 2023.

Combined with the employment population of various industries, social fixed capital investment and employment of migrant workers from 2011 to 2021, a forecasting model is established according to the input-output structure of 135 departments in China. Considering the domestic and international development situation, the report results are simply averaged by setting different simulation schemes with the model, and the development trend of agriculture and rural areas in 2023 is predicted as follows.

The economy continued to maintain its growth trend, and agriculture boosted GDP growth by 0.73 percentage points. The forecast results show that the agricultural added value continues to grow, and it is estimated that the growth rate of agricultural added value will be 9.8% in 2023, which is higher than the growth rate of GDP; The proportion of agricultural added value has increased, reaching about 8%, slightly higher than that in 2022; The added value of processing industries (grain grinding products, feed processed products, vegetable oil processed products, sugar materials and sugar products, meat processed products, aquatic products processed products, vegetables and fruits processed products, dairy products and tea) with main agricultural products as raw materials will continue to grow, with a growth rate of 2.0%, accounting for 1.7% of GDP. It is estimated that the trade volume of agricultural products will reach US$ 387.45 billion in 2023, up by 15.9% year-on-year, of which the export volume of agricultural products will be US$ 110 billion, up by 11.9% year-on-year; The import value of agricultural products was $277.45 billion; The trade deficit of agricultural products was US$ 1,674.5, up by 21.5% year-on-year; Imports of edible oil seeds, edible vegetable oils and livestock products will account for more than 60% of domestic agricultural products imports, and the proportion of aquatic products imports is expected to further increase.

Per capita disposable income in urban and rural areas continues to increase. It is estimated that in 2023, per capita disposable income will exceed 41,000 yuan, up 11.2% year-on-year, including 53,100 yuan for urban residents and 22,400 yuan for rural per capita disposable income, up 7.7% and 11.3% respectively. In 2023, the per capita consumption expenditure of residents will maintain a growth trend, and it is estimated that the per capita consumption expenditure of residents will be 26,700 yuan, an increase of 8.8% year-on-year; The average consumption expenditure of urban residents and rural residents was 33,000 yuan and 17,200 yuan respectively, up by 8.6% and 3.4% year-on-year; Judging from the categories of residents’ consumption expenditure, the per capita service consumption expenditure and medical care expenditure of residents both increased at a rate of more than 15% year-on-year.

To sum up, China’s agricultural economy has strong resilience, great potential and sufficient vitality, and its long-term positive fundamentals remain unchanged.

Take various measures and comprehensively promote rural revitalization

To promote rural revitalization in an all-round way and accelerate the construction of an agricultural power, it is necessary to unswervingly guarantee the priority development of agriculture and rural areas with the ambition of "Yu Gong Yi Shan" and the perseverance of dripping water wears away stones.

Firmly promote farmland construction and seed industry revitalization to ensure food security. Ensuring food security is a necessary condition for building a strong agricultural country, and we should continue to thoroughly implement the strategy of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology". While ensuring the number of high-standard farmland construction, we will further promote the transformation and upgrading of high-standard farmland. Update and transform farmland infrastructure, explore high-standard farmland management and protection mode, prevent soil fertility from declining, and ensure that "grain field" is "fertile field". Strengthen the monitoring and investigation of cultivated land quality, promote conservation tillage, promote the recuperation of cultivated land, and strive to improve the quality of cultivated land. To promote the revitalization of seed industry, on the one hand, we should continue to accurately identify and protect germplasm resources and improve the resource database of important seed products; On the other hand, we should continue to focus on the breeding of improved varieties, effectively guarantee the supply of improved varieties, and comprehensively improve the level of improved varieties. In terms of technological innovation, efforts should be made to tackle the key problems of "sticking the neck" technology, strive to make breakthroughs in cutting-edge technology fields, increase the protection of original breeding innovations, and promote the transformation of China from a big seed industry country to a strong seed industry country.

Continue to optimize the trade structure and ensure the supply of agricultural products. Improve the strategic layout of agricultural products trade, broaden trade channels and give play to the important role of regional markets. Deepen the economic and trade relations of agricultural products with the countries and regions of the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement and the "Belt and Road Initiative", build the whole trade chain including warehousing, logistics and transportation, and continuously expand the trade space of agricultural products. On the import side, it is necessary to broaden the import channels and promote the diversification of the import market of agricultural products, so as to spread risks, avoid the break of supply chain and ensure the supply of important agricultural products. In terms of export, it is necessary to cultivate the international competitive advantage of agricultural products and improve the terms of trade of agricultural products. By promoting the scale and standardization of production, the quality of agricultural products will be continuously improved. We should adhere to the market demand-oriented, provide public services to support enterprises to build agricultural products brands and carry out international marketing, promote the export of superior agricultural products based on quality and guided by brands, constantly explore the international market, expand value-added space, and enhance the market influence of China’s agriculture in global competition.

Based on the high-quality development of agriculture, vigorously promote agricultural socialization services. Practice has proved that agricultural socialized service can promote the use of advanced agricultural green technology by expanding production scale and standardizing operations. To promote the high-quality development of agriculture, it is necessary to improve the socialized service system of agriculture and effectively realize the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture. To give full play to the role of agricultural socialized service in agricultural production, first, we should further strengthen the level of agricultural basic service, and provide more advanced and diversified service modes for agriculture by increasing the scientific and technological content of agricultural investment, improving farmers’ professional quality and building agricultural basic service stations. Second, we should improve the quality of agricultural socialized services, enhance the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in socialized services, so that the majority of farmers can participate in the agricultural production process and ensure agricultural production efficiency. Third, we should continue to strengthen financial investment in rural areas. Agricultural socialization service aims to provide efficient services for farmers in the production process. In order to ensure the quality of agricultural socialized service, we should provide sufficient financial support to ensure the healthy development of agricultural socialized service system.

Increase investment in digital rural construction and improve the commodity service network system. Digital village is an important breakthrough to comprehensively promote the rural revitalization strategy, and it is also an important content of building a digital China. Therefore, first, we should increase investment in digital rural construction and improve rural information infrastructure. To ensure the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, it is necessary to increase investment in infrastructure, and information infrastructure is an important content. It is urgent to fill the shortcomings of rural information infrastructure, establish and improve the rural information service system, and accelerate the narrowing of the digital divide between urban and rural areas. At the same time, we will strengthen the education and training of farmers’ Internet ability, promote online transactions such as digital inclusive finance and land transfer, and expand the application scenarios of digital technology in agriculture and rural areas. Second, we should build an efficient modern commodity service network system. Build a rural logistics information platform, improve the county and rural three-level logistics system with the Internet and information technology as the core, promote the informationization and visualization of the whole process system of the supply chain, reduce the distribution loss and cost, reduce the transaction cost generated by the circulation link, and avoid the efficiency loss of factor allocation and product circulation.

Promote non-agricultural employment and return to their hometowns to start businesses, and ensure sustained and steady income growth. Smooth flow of urban and rural factors is an important condition to realize rural revitalization. On the one hand, we should continue to steadily promote the non-agricultural employment of rural labor force, increase the skills training for farmers, especially those who are out of poverty, strengthen employment guidance services, and promote the non-agricultural employment of rural labor force. On the other hand, we should create conditions to promote returning home to start businesses and reverse the one-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas. At present, there are more than 10 million entrepreneurs returning to their hometowns in China. By attracting entrepreneurial talents, strengthening entrepreneurial services, building entrepreneurial parks, and providing preferential land and tax support, we will promote returning home to start businesses. In addition to ensuring the growth of net operating income and wage income, it is also necessary to promote the growth of net property income and net transfer income of rural residents. It is necessary to improve the net income level of rural residents’ property, implement various subsidy policies in agriculture and rural areas, and ensure the sustained and steady growth of income.

Continue to deepen rural reform and develop and strengthen the rural collective economy. To realize the goal of agricultural and rural modernization and common prosperity, it is necessary to further deepen rural reform and develop and strengthen rural collective economy. First, continue to deepen rural reform. Improve the rural management system, innovate the agricultural management system and mechanism, and promote the reform of rural collective property rights system, unify the strengthening of the foundation of collective ownership, safeguarding and realizing the rights of farmers’ collective members with activating resource elements, do a good job in the separation of rights and powers of rural collective resource assets, and let farmers share more achievements in the reform. The second is to improve the management ability of rural collective economic organizations and expand the rural collective economy. Increase financial support, multi-sectoral joint efforts to implement tax incentives for rural collective economic activities. On the one hand, the value-added tax and income tax involved in the transfer and change of rural collective assets, as well as the taxes and fees in the operation process of rural collective economic organizations, and the tax deduction policy for public welfare, welfare expenditure and social security expenditure borne by rural collective economic organizations is implemented to ensure that rural collective economic organizations go into battle lightly. On the other hand, we should increase innovative financial support policies and improve the financing capacity of rural collective economic organizations.

Economic Daily, February 1, 2023, 11th edition.