Kunming, August 26 (Xinhua) The reporter learned from the Forest Public Security Bureau of Jingdong County, Yunnan Province that a national second-class protected wild animal, the Chinese gazelle, recently broke into the homes of local farmers, and the farmers called the forest public security bureau for help.

　　On the 22nd, a "monster" suddenly broke into the home of a villager in Wenjing Town, Jingdong County. Its horns were like antlers, the head of a sheep, the hoof was like a cow’s hoof, and the tail was like a donkey’s tail, which was a realistic version of the "four unlike".

　　It strayed into the pigsty after a while in the yard. The villagers quickly shut it up and called the local forest public security bureau for help the next day.

　　The police of the Forest Public Security Bureau of Jingdong County rushed to the villagers’ homes. After careful identification, it was confirmed that the monster that broke into the farmhouse was named Chinese gazelle, which belongs to the national second-class protected wild animal. The police analyzed that it may be due to the heavy rain in the local area. After walking out of the nearby forest, the Chinese gazelle mistakenly broke into the villagers’ homes.

　　It is understood that the Chinese gazelle, also known as the Ming-bristle sheep, belongs to the family Bovidae and is a typical forest-dwelling animal. It is one of the typical animals in the tropical and subtropical regions of southeast Asia, and mainly lives in mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests, coniferous forests or rocky miscellaneous shrub forests at an altitude of 1,000-4,400 meters.

　　After careful examination, the police did not find that this Chinese gazelle was injured and aggressive, so it was judged that it had the ability to survive in the wild and was suitable for being released into nature. Subsequently, the police took this Chinese gazelle to a suitable location in the wild and released it to nature. (Miao Chao Zhou Wei)

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow rainstorm warning at 10: 00 on September 6:

　　It is estimated that there will be heavy rains in parts of eastern and southern Fujian, central and eastern Guangdong, southeastern Hunan, southwestern Jiangxi and western Taiwan Province Island from 14: 00 on September 6 to 14: 00 on September 7. Among them, there will be heavy rains (100-220 mm) in parts of southeastern Fujian, northeastern Guangdong and southeastern coastal areas, and southwestern Jiangxi. Some of the above areas are accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall (the maximum hourly rainfall is 30 ~ 50 mm, and the local area can exceed 70 mm), and there are strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

　　Defense guide:

　　1, the government and relevant departments in accordance with their duties to do a good job of rainstorm prevention;

　　2. The traffic management department shall take traffic control measures in heavy rainfall sections according to the road conditions, and implement traffic guidance in waterlogged sections;

　　3, cut off the dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, suspend outdoor work in open places, and transfer people in dangerous areas and residents of dangerous houses to safe places to shelter from the rain;

　　4, check the city, farmland, fish pond drainage system, take the necessary drainage measures.

　

　　▲ The branch of the District Urban Management Bureau launched a party day activity with the theme of "My Regulations, I will learn" at Jianning Station.

　　3. Conduct a round of publicity and interpretation.

　　The Organization Department of the District Party Committee will invite relevant experts to make a centralized presentation and interpretation of the Regulations, and through study and discussion, promote the formation of a good situation in the whole region that attaches importance to strengthening the construction of grassroots party organizations.

　　In order to help party member understand the connotation of the Regulations more vividly, the Organization Department of the District Party Committee has put forward a diagram of the Regulations with the theme of "How to do the work of the Party branch" on platforms such as "Think Tank Cloud" and "Zhuzhou New District Release", which has been actively forwarded and studied by party member.

　　4, to carry out a round of special test.

　　Party organizations at all levels actively organize Party branch secretaries, Party building specialists and party member to carry out relevant testing activities, so as to test and promote learning, test learning achievements and consolidate learning knowledge.

　　The organization department of the district party Committee will take the specific provisions of the Regulations as the main content, and organize some party branch secretaries to conduct knowledge examinations.

　　At the same time, the Organization Department of the District Party Committee launched the online knowledge self-test activity of "the Communist Party of China (CPC) Branch Work Regulations (Trial)", mobilized all party member to participate, and carried out the activity of "drying out the report cards and coming to PK together" in all party branches, making learning more efficient and interesting.

　　One week after the activity was launched, more than 3,200 party member participated in the knowledge self-test, and the cumulative number of participants exceeded 16,000, which set off a "learning craze" in the whole region. By 12:00 noon on January 11th, 587 party member had got full marks in knowledge self-test, among which the fastest answer took only 22 seconds.

　　▲ The Party branch of the District Disabled Persons’ Federation prepares its own test papers for the party member competition.

　　▲ party member, the party branch of Sanmen Town, participated in the self-test of the "Regulations" knowledge.

　　5. Do a good job in a round of publicity and exchange.

　　On the basis of concentrated study, party member in the whole region earnestly conducted self-study and wrote his own experiences around the topics of "How to be a Party branch secretary" and "Learning the Regulations from ordinary party member".

　　At the same time, all party organizations have stepped up their efforts to publicize the Regulations and created a good atmosphere through public party affairs columns, electronic display screens, WeChat WeChat official account and the issuance of publicity materials.

　　▲ party member, Party Branch of Nantang Community, learned from writing the Regulations.

　　Through various forms of study, party member, the branch, said in succession: In the future, he will use the Regulations as a guide and beacon to guide his work, and strive to be an exemplary follower, a firm defender and a strong practitioner of the Regulations.

　　"The wood that hugs, born in the last minute, is a nine-story platform, starting from the foundation soil". Party member is also like a scrap of wood, the foundation of Taiwan. From convergence to solidity, it is necessary to set up the steel bars of party branches to support the building of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　The express delivery number publicly sold online is 50 cents each.

　　"I almost fell for it!" Talking about the express claim phone that I just received, Jin Zhu had a lingering fear. "When I lost the bank card number, password and reserved mobile phone number, I realized that it was wrong. Isn’t this a fraud?"

　　Recently, Jin Zhu, a Beijing citizen, was almost defrauded by telecom. The other party used the loss of express delivery and double claims as bait to trick him into a trap. The reporter’s investigation found that due to the epidemic situation, there is a backlog of express delivery nationwide, and criminals have used the psychology of consumers eager for express delivery to commit fraud in many places, and an illegal interest chain for selling express logistics information has been formed. The police in many places reminded that if you receive a courier claim call, you should not trust it. You should immediately contact the official customer service hotline of the courier company.

　　False claim

　　Pay for lost goods by "leaving a password"

　　During the epidemic, several couriers of Jinzhu were delayed. One courier sent from Zhejiang has not moved since it arrived at the Beijing transshipment center on February 29th. Jin Zhu didn’t care too much. "If not, let the seller reissue it."

　　So more than a month passed. Last week, he suddenly received a strange mobile phone number registered in Xingtai, Hebei Province. The other party claimed that it was a courier "customer service". "This person accurately knows all the information of my courier, including my name, address and courier ‘ Do not move ’ The state, he said that the courier has been lost, and it is necessary to pay double the value of the goods. "

　　"Customer Service" asked Jin Zhu to add WeChat, and then they had a voice call. Under the guidance of "customer service" step by step, Jin Zhu paid attention to a "claim settlement" WeChat official account, and then began a series of operations such as binding bank cards. Until the bank card number, password and reserved mobile phone number were involved, Jinzhu began to wake up. "I understood at once that this is fraud."

　　Hang up the voice call, ask the official express customer service, contact the e-commerce seller, and report to WeChat customer service … … After a series of operations, Jinzhu’s back was still cold. "I was bored. How did the liar know that my courier didn’t arrive?"

　　What a leak

　　Express information is 50 cents a piece.

　　Xiao Bai, an insider, said that this is a commonplace topic. In the online shopping process, there are many links from sellers to buyers, and any link may be leaked. In order to help Taobao sellers make up sales, there are even acts of publicly selling express delivery numbers online.

　　The reporter logged into a single number network, which has a large number of express numbers, covering the whole country, involving almost all express companies, and is updated every day. For 0.5 yuan, you can buy a courier number. The reporter tried several times and used the courier company official website to verify and found that all these single numbers were true. Through the single number, you can know the delivery place, receiving place and real-time status of the express delivery. However, the mobile phone number of the consignee is not displayed, and the name of the consignee is rarely displayed.

　　Xiao Bai revealed that after 2017, most courier companies began to adopt "privacy sheets" to protect customer information. "But not all couriers are using privacy sheets because it involves hardware and time costs." The reporter received a courier on April 9, and the complete mobile phone number was displayed on the packing list.

　　It’s difficult to find the consignee’s mobile phone number from the open trading order number. Is there any other way? Yes. In 2017, a case occurred in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, in which 11 courier employees stole and leaked more than 13 million pieces of citizen information. In 2018, a case in which a hacker illegally invaded and stole nearly 100 million pieces of citizen information was exposed. In 2019, a courier company in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province colluded with outsiders, involving the disclosure of about 500,000 pieces of citizen information. This information has been or is intended to be used for accurate fraud.

　　"Basically, in addition to insider stealing, it is hacking." Xiao Bai introduced that after the implementation of the "Provisional Regulations on Express Delivery" on May 1, 2018, the act of revealing user privacy can be fined up to 100,000 yuan.

　　Despite the legal constraints, the illegal act of revealing the privacy of express users has been repeatedly banned and has become an accomplice of telecom fraud. In recent years, there have been many cases of claims fraud caused by the backlog and delay of express delivery in many parts of the country. For example, on March 11, Tianjin Baodi police issued four cases of express claims fraud, involving a total amount of more than 100,000 yuan. The police reminded that the courier company would not contact the claim through the personal mobile phone number. Once receiving the claim call from the "customer service staff", it should remain calm and communicate with the official customer service and e-commerce platform of the courier company in time.

　　Our reporter Sun Yi

On September 17th, at this week’s World Computing Conference 2023, Xu Zhijun, vice chairman and rotating chairman of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., delivered a speech and revealed the latest progress of Huawei’s computing strategy and its impact on China. AI Judging the ecological development direction of computing industry.

Xu Zhijun said that China’s computing industry is moving forward under the pressure of continuous strengthening. At present, design tools, materials, manufacturing equipment and chip products are all affected. "We should be under no illusions. We should unswervingly build a sustainable computing industry ecology. 」

Xu Zhijun believes that to promote the development of the computing industry, it is necessary to use computing technology on a large scale. The development of computing chips should be based on the available chip manufacturing technology, while the construction of computing power infrastructure should be based on the sustainable acquisition of computing chips and ecosystems.

He said that all computer-related fields can be regarded as a part of the computing industry, but the most important thing is to solve the basic problems of computers in an all-round way.

He stressed that there are still many problems to be solved in the basic field of computing industry. For example, they could not produce network card chips and RAID card chips before, and even the power management chips of servers could not be manufactured, so they must return to the basic field of computing industry. (Source: Global Tech)

On September 17th, according to Bloomberg News, in order to attract its sellers to participate in the "Black Friday" shopping festival from October 27th to November 30th, TikTok will provide sellers with a discount subsidy of up to 50% to attract consumers to shop at its newly opened TikTok Shop.

Prior to this, overseas consumers usually shop in established retailers such as Amazon and Wal-Mart. It is reported that the spokesman of TikTok confirmed these plans, and TikTok will launch the "Black Five" promotion at 20:00 new york time on November 23rd. According to TikTok’s documents, a promotion called "Cyber Monday" will be launched from November 28th to November 30th.

This official launch, in addition to short videos and live shopping, TikTok e-commerce also launched a series of services to merchants and creators, including product display pages and shopping malls, and an "alliance plan" connecting merchants and creators. At the same time, TikTok e-commerce also launched the "TikTok Fulfilled by TikTok" to help merchants store, select, package and distribute goods, and a secure payment system developed in cooperation with third parties. (Source: IT House)

On September 17th, NVIDIA’s H100 artificial intelligence.display cardBecome the industry’s new favorite, sales hit a record high. Omdia, a research institute, revealed that NVIDIA shipped 900 tons of H100 graphics cards in the second quarter of 2023, which is an amazing number.

This analysis report is a bit strange, and Omdia did not explain why it was expressed by "weight"display cardThe number of shipments. It is speculated that Omdia got the delivery data from a supplier. According to Omdia’s estimation, the weight of a H100 graphics card is about 3kg. Therefore, it can be inferred that NVIDIA sold about 300,000 H100 graphics cards in the second quarter, which is a huge number.

Omdia said that NVIDIA is expected to sell roughly the same number in the next few quarters. GPUTherefore, the company expects to sell about 3,600 tons of H100 GPUs this year, that is, about 1.2 million H100 GPUs every year.

IT House noted that NVIDIA plans to ship 1.5 million to 2 million pieces of artificial intelligence by 2024.display cardMost of them are popular H100 graphics cards, and Omdia’s report shows that the company is achieving this goal as planned.

It can be said that NVIDIA has established a strong monopoly position, and its competitors can’t compare with it. (Source: IT House)

On September 17th, Tesla officially announced that it had produced 5 million cars as of this week, about six months before the 4 millionth car rolled off the assembly line.

Tesla currently has four factories producing cars, two of which are located in fremont, California and Austin, Texas. In addition, Tesla has two super factories in China, Shanghai and Berlin.

It is worth mentioning that the 2 millionth China Zhizao Tesla vehicle in Shanghai Super Factory just rolled off the assembly line on September 6th. Tesla said that it took less than 40 seconds for a complete vehicle to get off the production line in Tesla Giga Shanghai, and the vehicle blew its horn twice when it drove off the production line, which meant the assembly was completed.

According to Tesla, 99.9% of the super factories in Shanghai are China employees, and the localization rate of spare parts in Shanghai super factories is higher than 95%. The vertical procurement mode is adopted to avoid "middlemen earning the difference".

Tesla also plans to build a new factory outside the United States in the next few years and continue to expand its production scope. IT House has reported that the carmaker announced plans to build a new factory in Nuevo Leó n, Mexico at the beginning of the year, and it is also reported that Tesla is considering building a factory in India. (Source: IT House)

On September 17th, it was reported that the radiation problem of Apple’s mobile phone was attracting the attention of many regulators.

South Korea’s Ministry of Science, Technology, Information and Communication said today that it has asked Apple to submit a report on the radiation problem of the iPhone 12 model. Previously, the iPhone 12 model was exposed in the French market due to limbs.electromagnetic waveThe radiation value exceeded the EU’s standard of 4W/kg and was stopped from selling. The Dutch side also asked Apple to explain the situation.

On the 17th, I called Apple’s technical support hotline, and the wiring technical consultant said that the relevant report belongs to the information provided by a third party, and Apple cannot guarantee its accuracy and authenticity. Regarding the radiation problem of iPhone12, if there is any follow-up information, it will be posted on the website of official website Service (Recall) Plan.

The wiring technical consultant further stated that the iPhone 12 radio frequencyExposed information, relevant information and data can be inquired in official website and the mobile phone itself. In Chinese mainland, the iPhone 12 meets the national standard of GB 21288-2007 and can be used normally with confidence.

The link information sent by Apple’s wiring technical consultant to the reporter shows that the maximum SAR of iPhone 12 model: A2404 product is 0.483W/kg, which meets the requirements of national standard GB21288-2007. (Source: science and technology innovation board Daily)

On September 18th, Li Nan, a former Meizu executive and founder of Numiao Technology, summed up the 11 black spots of Apple at this stage. He said that Apple’s local functions (such as telephone recording and dual card) were not as good as domestic mobile phones, and its powerful performance made the heat balance of mobile phones worse and worse, and the most important source of income, smart phones, had obviously declined.

It is worth mentioning that Luo Yonghao recently turned on the "mocking mode" for Apple’s iPhone 15 series phones in his "Make Friends Live Room". with regard to iPhone 15 switching to the Type-C interface, he said: (iPhone) Why did it finally change to the Type-C? The reason is more complicated, and in some countries, such as the European Union, it has been cleaned up. How can an enterprise be so big, so amazing and so shameless at the same time? How? I don’t understand it at all. Just a broken connector and a few broken wires, I don’t know how to make tens of billions all year round, even the daughter of old Joe (Jobs) can’t stand it, and it’s ironic. (Source: IT House)

On September 17, Google officially announced that it would hold a hardware conference on October 4 (local time in the United States), and recently sent two videos to introduce the new products to be released, mainly including Pixel 8 series, Pixel Watch 2 and the new Pixel Buds Pro headphones.

According to the foreign technology media The Tech Outlook, Pixel 8 Pro has appeared on the IMDA certification website in Singapore. The display model of the website is GC3VE, which supports 3G/4G/5G networks and functions such as UWB+NFC+WPT.

Pixel 8 will be the industry’s first Android 14 flagship mobile phone. Google has added some functions to Android 14, such as screen capture awareness, brand-new back arrow, back preview function and so on. (Source: Fast Technology)

On September 18th, Geely Automobile’s "high-end smart car robot brand"-Extreme Yue Automobile announced that Extreme Yue 01 will make its debut at 15:00 on September 19th, and at the same time, it will open a limited-time reservation.

Extreme Yue 01 claims to be "the first in the world" AI "Automotive Robot" will integrate ERNIE Bot’s comprehensive capabilities, create the first large-scale artificial intelligence interactive experience for smart car scenes, and support automotive robots to achieve further progress in natural communication.

It is understood that the Extreme Yue 01 will be China’s first Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295 smart module chip model. Snapdragon 8295 is the strongest car chip, which adopts advanced 5nm technology and has 8 times the terror computing power of 8155. In Ann Bunny’s performance list, its running score is nearly 700,000, almost twice that of Snapdragon’s 8155 (380,000).

Extreme Yue 01 has a length, width and height of 4,853/1990/1,611 mm, a wheelbase of 3,000 mm and a 35.6-inch integrated screen in the car. Equipped with Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited ternary lithium battery or honeycomb energy lithium iron phosphate battery, equipped with rear-drive 200kW single motor and four-wheel drive 200kW+200kW dual motor. (Source: Fast Technology)

On September 17th, Ali’s Flying Pig announced earlier that it would sell the Maotai-flavored Big Bed Room at Sanya Maotai Hotel at 8: 00 tonight at a price of 999 yuan/night.

According to the Cailian News Agency, people familiar with Maotai said that Maotai had noticed the relevant situation: "Those who make such incorrect propaganda are already being asked to rectify. 」

Previously, Flying Pig, a travel platform of Alibaba Group, announced that it would sell Maotai Hotel’s sauce-flavored big bed room at 8 pm on the 17th at a price of 999 yuan. The price includes 1 night in Sanya Maotai Hotel+breakfast for two+dinner+1 bottle of Maotai red wine+53-degree flying Maotai 500ml bottle for on-site tasting. Flying pig stressed that this is the price of maotai flavor on October 1 ST, the National Day. According to the information released by Flying Pig, this special offer includes hotel catering and on-site tasting of Feitian Maotai. The inquiry found that the hotel bed room usually does not include Feitian Maotai, and the price is around 600 yuan. It is worth noting that the flying pig poster indicates in the activity rules that there are only 10 exclusive places in the 999 yuan check-in package, but there is no quota limit in the 2999 yuan superior/big bed room 2-night package. (Source: IT House)

　　Recently, the 7th China Intangible Cultural Heritage Expo was held in Shandong. Male prostitute, Peking Opera Mask, Tai Ji Chuan, Guangshan Huagu Opera, Tang Sancai Burning Skills, Xuzhou Xiangbao, Miao Xiu and other representative non-legacy skills, new works and special performances from all over the country were exhibited. A total of 332 non-legacy inheritors and 284 non-legacy projects participated in the exhibition.

　　At present, 42 non-legacy projects in China have been selected into UNESCO’s non-legacy list and roster, making it the country with the largest number of non-legacy projects in the world. Behind this achievement is the unknown efforts and efforts of non-genetic inheritors in previous dynasties. Intangible cultural heritage, as an important symbol of the historical and cultural achievements of the country and the nation, not only bears the unique national memory, but also survives in the people’s lives in the process of generation replacement, which is of great significance for building a socialist cultural power.

　　China is rich in intangible cultural heritage resources. Up to now, there are more than 100,000 intangible cultural heritage projects at all levels. With the joint efforts of the whole society, many intangible cultural heritages have re-emerged with new vitality. However, compared with many traditional cultures and traditional skills that are facing the risk of cutting off their inheritance, how to protect and explore the intangible cultural heritages so that they can "survive" and "catch fire" is still the top priority of our intangible cultural development.

　　The key to let the non-legacy "survive" and "fire up" is to work hard to train the inheritors. China’s intangible cultural heritage projects are all amazing to the world, and once the skills of ancestors appear age or technical fault, there is a risk of being lost. Faced with the stringent requirements of intangible cultural heritage achievements, only a handful of people can bear the title of "non-genetic inheritor" with excellent skills after big waves. And if you want to inherit and carry forward the glorious legacy, you can’t do it quickly. Undoubtedly, the process of learning non-legacy skills has to endure hardships and loneliness. It is often necessary to concentrate on studying for several years or even more than ten years, carefully carving day after day, and silently sticking to the initial intention and persistence of non-legacy. A few days ago, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the "14th Five-Year Plan for Cultural Development", which clearly stated that "strengthening the cultivation of non-genetic inheritors." It can be said that the key to strengthening the inheritance of intangible culture lies in people, and it is urgent and imperative to cultivate more non-genetic inheritors.

　　Cultivating more non-genetic inheritors requires more policy support. At the government level, it is necessary to refine the relevant policies and give comprehensive guidance. Improve the record system of intangible cultural heritage investigation, grasp the overall situation, focus on representative projects, start with the identification and system of inheritors, explore the standards and methods of identification, and form policy support for the cultivation of non-genetic inheritors.

　　At the social level, it is necessary to strengthen the education of non-legacy science, especially from dolls, and set up non-legacy education bases to make more children interested in non-legacy. In addition, it is necessary to carry out the communication activities of intangible cultural heritage in various ways, and plant the concept of "non-inheritance is great and glorious" in people’s hearts, so that young people engaged in the study of intangible cultural heritage can gain more understanding and respect from society and families.

　　It is necessary to "fire up", but also to expand the market, to actively embrace new technologies and glow with new vitality. We see that with the organic combination of new technologies and intangible cultural heritage, the spread of intangible cultural heritage has completely broken through the geographical restrictions. With the help of new opening methods such as internet plus and VR, intangible cultural heritage IP has become fashionable among young people. For example, a martial arts game combined with Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village, the first Miao village in the world, and three representative non-genetic inheritors of Miao nationality, added Miao cultural elements to the plot, architecture and costumes, which made more young people interested in exploring non-heritage students. The essence of ancient culture from China also entered the homes of ordinary people and passed down imperceptibly in the digital age.

　　Chinese excellent traditional culture is the root and soul of the Chinese nation, and intangible cultural heritage, as an indispensable part of it, should be passed down through generations while continuing its glory. It is believed that with the continuous expansion of the market, more talents will join the team of inheritors and the team of protecting intangible heritage, so that intangible heritage can be better integrated into the daily life of Chinese and inject new vitality into the protection and inheritance of intangible heritage.

Original oriental stem cell science popularization group has a future.

Writing │ apricot kernel

Editor │ Li Jialu

Revise │ Tang Hongming

Please indicate at the beginning:

This article is reproduced from WeChat official account: There is a future in doing things.

The full text is about 1600 words, and it is expected to read for 6 minutes.

VS

In the human body, there are two important cell groups: stem cells and immune cells, which each play an indispensable role and jointly safeguard our lives and health.

Stem cells: the "supplement" of the body

Stem cells are special cells with multi-directional differentiation and self-renewal ability. They are like "supplements" of the body, and can differentiate into other types of cells as needed, which makes them have great potential in medical research.

● Hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into blood cells such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, which is of great significance for the treatment of blood system diseases, such as leukemia and anemia.

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into a variety of tissue cells, have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and can be used to treat various tissue injuries and diseases, such as myocardial infarction, arthritis and cirrhosis.

● Neural stem cells can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which have potential application value in the treatment of nervous system diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and brain injury.

……

Immune cells: the body’s "guard"

Immune cells refer to cells directly involved in or related to immune response. They are like the "guards" of the body, which can identify and remove foreign pathogens. From the most common bacteria, viruses and fungi in daily life to abnormal cell cancer cells in the body, powerful immune cells will sound the alarm at the first time and start fighting to maintain the stability of the internal environment and protect human health.

What are the main cells?

T lymphocytes can directly destroy infected cells.

● B lymphocytes can quickly eliminate re-invading pathogens.

● NK cells can directly attack and destroy infected cells and abnormal cells.

Macrophages can swallow and digest pathogens and other foreign bodies.

……

What are the differences between stem cells and immune cells?

1. Different production times

Stem cells usually begin to be produced in the fetus.

Immune cells are usually produced after birth.

2. Different shapes

The shapes of stem cells are usually diverse, such as hematopoietic stem cells are round, oval and long, and neural stem cells are radial.

The shape of immune cells is more uniform, round or oval.

3. Different distribution

Stem cells are mainly distributed in bone marrow, fat, teeth, umbilical cord and placenta.

Immune cells are mainly distributed in tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow and other parts of the human body.

4. Different quantities

Generally speaking, the number of stem cells in the body is relatively small. A 30-year-old healthy person has about 1 billion stem cells in his body. Among them, umbilical cord and placenta have the most abundant stem cells.

The number of immune cells is very large, and the number of immune cells in healthy adults is between 40 trillion and 60 trillion. Among them, the number of white blood cells accounts for more than 95%.

5. Different sources of acquisition

Stem cells can be obtained from many sources, including blood, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, fat, skin, dental pulp and nerves.

Immune cells are mainly obtained from blood.

6. Different functions

Stem cells have the ability of multi-directional differentiation and can differentiate into many cell types.

The main function of immune cells is to identify and eliminate pathogens in the body.

If the human body is regarded as a huge factory, then stem cells are like engineers. They continue to produce new cells and provide necessary nutrition and support for all parts of the body through continuous differentiation, so that our body can continue to operate.

Immune cells, on the other hand, are like cleaners of machines, always alert to and remove any potential threats, including foreign pathogens, harmful substances in the body and abnormal cells in the body. When the body is damaged or aged, they will also appear immediately and start the repair and cleaning work, thus maintaining the balance and stability of the body.

In a word, it is

Stem cells do addition and immune cells do subtraction!

7. Different clinical applications.

More than 20 stem cell products, such as umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells, have been approved for marketing in the world to treat graft-versus-host disease, degenerative arthritis, Crohn’s disease and refractory anal fistula. In China, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been widely used to treat hematological diseases such as leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, while other types of stem cells are still in the clinical research stage.

Immune cell products such as T lymphocytes, DC cells and CAR-T cells have been widely used in the world, especially in cancer treatment, and immune cell therapy has become one of the emerging treatment methods. There are only two CAR-T cell products approved for marketing in China, which are mainly used to treat hematological tumors and solid tumors. But because of its high price, it has not been widely used at present.

Stem cells and immune cells are significantly different in function and characteristics, but they are both important guarantees for our vitality.

Through "cross-border cooperation", stem cells and immune cells can double the role of "regeneration+cleaning". In 2018, the paper "Two to Tango: Dialogue between Immunity and Stem Cells in Health and Disease" was published in Cell magazine, which showed that the combined therapy of stem cells and immune cells can maintain the homeostasis in the human body and has important application value in anti-aging. In addition, the "strong combination" of the two can also play an important role in brain injury, autoimmune diseases and so on.

With the continuous progress of science and technology, our research and application of stem cells and immune cells are also deepening. In the future, we are expected to make better use of stem cells and immune cells, providing unlimited possibilities for treating diseases and improving the quality of life.

ID:sckp2024011602800

Oriental stem cell science popularization group, led by Academician Liu Zhongmin of Oriental Hospital affiliated to Tongji University. Pay attention to WeChat official account, the WeChat of "Doing is the Future", and we will introduce more scientific and interesting stem cell science knowledge from time to time to enjoy the charm of stem cells with you!

The special issue of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine of Medical Reference Newspaper, which is managed by National Health Commission and undertaken by Dongfang Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, provides a platform for medical workers to display their scientific achievements. One or two pages are preset for each issue as a popular science edition, which is also a popular science for doctors and readers and a medical science for the general public. The content is the same as the theme of the special issue, that is, "Stem Cell and/or Regenerative Medicine".

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Due to the improvement of watermelon varieties and planting techniques, this year’s local watermelons are listed ahead of previous years. In order to facilitate local melon farmers to sell melons in the city, standardize the behavior of selling melons, and fully meet the needs of citizens’ lives, the Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau of our city set up real estate watermelon sales points 20 days earlier than last year, and at the same time ensure the sanitation and order of the city appearance and environment. The city adopted the "three-fixed" method of fixed location, fixed area and fixed responsibility, effectively standardized the sales of real estate watermelons in urban areas, and rationally planned fixed locations. On the basis of fully considering the dual needs of urban management and citizens’ life, 149 temporary watermelon sales points were selected and set up in the urban area this year. From June 1 to August 30, a "watermelon map" was drawn, covering the main areas of the built-up areas such as Langya District, Nanqiao District, Economic Development Zone and Suzhou-Chuzhou High-tech Zone, and the general public, melon farmers and mobile phone new media were informed in time.

Langya district fruit temporary sales store 34 Chu

1. Fengle Avenue (outside the wall of Chengnan Primary School)

2. Mingguang West Road (South Gate of Binhu Community)

3. Fengle Avenue (Fengle Shijia Lane)

4. Fenghuang East Road (at the entrance of Fenghuang Sancun)

5. Lai ‘an Road (Lianhua Lane intersection)

6. Chuangye North Road (Chuangye Beiyuan)

7. The entrance of Alibaba KTV in Ziwei Community

8. Guma Road (at the entrance of Xiaoyuan, Guma Road West)

9. Intersection of Taiping Lane and West Street

10. Door of Peking University Courtyard of Wende Street Municipal Committee

11. Entrance of Beihu Food Market on Nanqiao North Road

12. Fengle Avenue (Zhujin Beiyuan in Nongke Lane)

13. Xijian Road (at the entrance of Hongye Villa)

14. Intersection of Sanliting Road

15. At the entrance of Sanyu Yijingyuan Community

16. Sanliting Road (at the entrance of Hongye Villa)

17. Dingyuan Road (West Gate of Real Estate Garden)

18. Ziwei North Road (at the entrance of Guangming Garden)

19. Langya Road (Langya Road and Jianshe Road Garden)

20. Fengle Avenue (copper mine gate)

21. Mine Road (opposite the south gate of Copper Paradise)

22. Xijian Road (north of the intersection of Xijian Road and Longting Road)

23. Xijian Road Tailian Hospital entrance

24. Xijian Road (next to Chengxin Business on Xijian Road)

25. Yangzi Road (opposite Wuli Food City)

26. Qingliu East Road (Qingliu People’s Gate)

27. Clear water rhyme at the door

28. At the entrance of the Red Third Ring Home

29. Lingxi Road (East Gate of Lingxiyuan)

30. Baoshan Road (the sidewalk opposite Huimin Food Market)

31. Chuhe Road and Huangfushan Road (in front of the North Gate of Century Garden Community)

32. Jinshan Road (the sidewalk in front of Chuangda Yiwu Trade City on Jinshan Road)

33. century avenue (South Gate of Zhongken Logistics Park)

34. Guanshaner Road (the sidewalk on the west side of the intersection of Yangzi Road and Guanshaner Road)

It is estimated to accommodate 177 households.

Nanqiao district fruit temporary sales store 27 Chu

1. Xinsheng Road (north-west side of Xinsheng Road)

2. Nanqiao Road (north and south sides of Daoxiang Road entrance)

3. Nanqiao Road (north of the entrance of Fengqiao Road)

4. Nanqiao Road (both sides of the west gate of the brewery dormitory)

5. Nanqiao Road (Fangang Lane on the south side of No.8 Middle School)

6. Huxin Road (on both sides of the entrance of Mianma Community)

7. Huxin Road (on both sides of Huxin Lane)

8. Huxin Road (both sides of the north gate of Huxin Road Community)

9. Fengle Avenue (opposite the gate of Nanyingfang)

10. Zhongdu Avenue (both sides of the east and west entrance of Fengqiao Road)

11. Zhongdu Avenue (north of the west entrance of Xugang residential group)

12. Fengyang Road (northeast corner of the intersection of Yongfeng Road and Fengyang Road)

13. Longpan Avenue (both sides of the north gate of Tianyi Huafu Guiyuan Community)

14. Longpan Avenue (both sides of the north gate of Longpan Xiyuan)

15. Chuangye Road (south of the intersection of Chuangye Road and Qingliu Road)

16. Chuangye Road (north of the intersection of Chuangye Road and Shanghai Road)

17. Quanjiao Road (East Gate of Mingru Garden)

18. Quanjiao Road (named Confucian Garden Little Square)

19. Tongle Road (northeast and south sides of the intersection of Tongle Road and Yangming Road)

20. Zuiweng Road (North Gate of Ganghui Community)

21. Zuiweng Road (northeast of the intersection of Zuiweng East Road and Chuning Road)

22. Youan Road (East Gate of Tianyi Huafu Zhuyuan)

23. Youan Road (West Gate of Tianyi Huafu Xingyuan)

24. Yongle Road (West Gate of Faneng International City Community)

25. Yangming Road (Siya Neighborhood Central Square)

26. Jingzi Road (both sides of the south gate of Wanqiao Xinyuan)

27. Nanguo Jiayuan Community

It is expected to accommodate 65 households.

Economic development zone fruit temporary sales store 72 Chu

1. Huashan Road (North Gate of Fuchunyuan Community)

2. Fengle Avenue (Sunshine Mediterranean Gate)

3. Shanshui people’s door

4. Shuangyong Road (at the entrance of Trade City)

5. Huifeng West Road (North Gate of Shanshui Renjia Community)

6. Nanqiao Road (50 meters south of the intersection of Nanqiao Road and Lanxu Lane)

7. At the entrance of Jinxiu Garden

8. Southwest of the intersection of Nanqiao Road and Huifeng Road

9. Northwest corner of the intersection of Nanqiao Road and Huashan West Road

10. Northwest of Nanqiao Road and Huashan Road.

11. Northwest of Nanqiao Road and Huating Road.

12. Zhongdu Avenue (at the northeast corner of the intersection of Zhongdu Avenue and Huashan West Road)

13. At the west gate of Ankang Garden.

14. South of the east side of Zhongdu Avenue and Lanxu Lane Road

15. West side of the gate of Huifengyuan

16. The west side of the intersection of Zhongdu Avenue and Lantian Road

17. At the gate of Yukun Regent City.

18. Intersection of Zhongdu Avenue and Mingdu Road

19. East Gate of Hengda Mingdu

20. The northwest of Zhongdu Avenue and Huating Road West.

21. Zi Long Road (at the intersection of Zi Long Road and Huashan West Road)

22. Intersection of Zi Long Road and Mingdu Road

23. Intersection of Zi Long Road and Qifeng Road.

24. Quanjiao Road (east of the intersection of Quanjiao Road and Huashan Road)

25. At the west gate of Zi Long House.

26. Quanjiao Road at the southeast corner of the intersection of Huifeng West Road.

27. Tianan City Garden East West Gate

28. On the east side of the intersection of Quanjiao Road and Lantian Road.

29. At the east gate of Junjia Hotel

30. At the south gate of Tianan City Garden West District.

31. East Gate Exit of Rainbow Community

32. Intersection of Quanjiao Road and Taiyi Road

33. Fengle Avenue (on the east side of the intersection of Huifeng Road and Fengle Avenue)

34. At the west gate of Guiyuan Mountain Villa

35. Opposite Chuzhou College

36. The west side of the road at the intersection of Fengle Avenue and Xueyuan Road

37. Zhengda Feed Factory East Gate

38. The west side of the intersection of Fengle Avenue and Huifeng Road

39. Xijian Road (at the northeast corner of the intersection of Xijian Road and Xueyuan Road)

40. Ziwei Road (southwest of the intersection of Ziwei Road and Yongfeng Road)

41. Northwest of the intersection of Ziwei Road and Tianle Road

42. Fengyang Road (in front of Hange Hotel on Fengyang Road)

43. Northeast of the intersection of Fengyang Road and Tianle Road

44. West Gate of Ziwei Tianyue Community

45. Northeast corner of the intersection of Fengyang Road and Tongle Road

46. Huifeng Road (Tianan Century City North Gate)

47. Yangming Road (northwest of the intersection of Yangming Road and Huating Road)

48. The northwest of Yangming Road and Huayuan Road.

49. Tongle Road (South Gate of Longshan Community)

50. Longshan Road (at the entrance of Longshan Farmers’ Market)

51. Jinling Road (northeast corner of the intersection of Jinling Road and Longshan East Road)

52. Heying Road (northwest of the intersection of Huayuan Road and Yangming Road)

53. Tongle Road (South Gate of Longshan Community)

54. Longshan Road (at the entrance of Longshan Farmers’ Market)

55. Jinling Road (northeast corner of the intersection of Jinling Road and Longshan East Road)

56. Shanghai Road (west entrance of Juxiangyuan Community)

57. entrance to the logistics service center

58. Zhongzhou International Mall entrance

59. Yaxia car entrance

60. century avenue (intersection of century avenue and Heying Road)

61. Yongyang Road (Lixun Industrial Park)

62. Yangzi Road (entrance to Gao Qiao Community)

63. Zhongzhou International Garden Community Entrance

64. Suzhou Road (west gate of Lingdong Jiayuan Community)

65. Jiujiang Road (south entrance of Lingdong Jiayuan Community)

66. Changjiang Road (West Gate of Chengdong Garden Community)

67. East Gate of Chengdong Garden Community

68. Longji Le Ye North Gate

69. Intersection of Changjiang Road and Suchu Avenue

70 Changzhou Road (north of Linlou Trade Market)

71. Nantong Road (north gate of Linlou Community)

72. Haining Road (South Gate of Shimiao Community and the surrounding construction site)

It is expected to accommodate 198 households.

Langyashan scenic spot fruit temporary sales store 11 Chu

1. Zuiweng West Road (at the entrance of traffic driving school)

2. In the parking lot of Studio City Phase II.

3. Erxian Road (in the parking lot of Film and Television City Phase I)

4. Yijing Shancheng Square

5. Xiangsheng Shili Square

6. Minghu Avenue (Happy World)

7. Plan Route 4 (Happy World)

8. Langya Ancient Road (North Gate of Langya Mountain)

9. Guanjing Road (Langyashan East Gate Parking Lot)

10. Chuyang Road (training point)

11. Mingguang West Road (at the entrance of Longchi Garden)

It is expected to accommodate 22 households.

Suchu high technology zone fruit temporary sales store 5 Chu

1. Changzhou Road (northeast of the intersection of Changzhou Road and Dawangying Road)

2. Yangzi Road (intersection of Yangzi Road and Changzhou Road)

3. Dawangying Road (the intersection of Dawangying Road and Jinzhou Road)

4. Lin Zilu (intersection of Lin Zilu and Nanjing Road)

5. Suchu Avenue (Blue White Collar Phase II at the intersection of Suchu Avenue and Wenzhong Road)

It is expected to accommodate 25 households.

Source: Chuzhou Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau

First trial: Deng Zhonghang

Original title: "Just announced! It involves 149 places in Chuzhou City! 》

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·

A new invention: thermal liquid sensor was tested and verified in Chentian laboratory.

　　During the awarding ceremony of the 2017 Qiu Chengtong Science Prize, I talked with Professor Yao Qizhi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, an academician of the American Academy of Sciences and a Turing Prize winner.

　　On the eve of the Spring Festival, Li Chentian, a 17-year-old high school student from Zhuhai, went to the United States at the invitation of Tsinghua University to participate in the "Global Innovation Experience Camp" jointly organized by Tsinghua and Washington University. He won the best project award in this innovation challenge by virtue of the "active high-voltage power line deicing monitoring system" invented on the spot. Later, he flew back to Beijing, as a participant in the last ISEF (International Science and Engineering Grand Prix), and introduced his experience to the young people who were participating in the 2018 ISEF project selection and international exchange winter camp.

　　He invented the fluorine-free electronic refrigerator at the age of 9, the solar intelligent outdoor manhole cover management system at the age of 12, and the programmable terminal and operating system at the age of 13. So far, he has nine national invention patents … What kind of "awesome person" is Li Chentian? Why have you achieved so much at such a young age? The all-media reporter of Guangzhou Daily takes you to know the young man who is praised by the outside world as "Edison" in China.

　　At the age of 5, I designed light-controlled lanterns for myself.

　　Last weekend, when the reporter saw Jerry Lee Tianshi, he wore an old school uniform and black-rimmed glasses, which was very low-key; He was a little shy when he didn’t talk, but when he started talking about his invention, Li Chentian hardly stopped for more than two hours, and he spoke as fast as a machine gun. When I met some professional terms, I was a little confused when I watched the reporter. He kept changing his body movements to explain it.

　　Li Chentian’s family said that his whimsy began in childhood. My father said that he showed a strong interest in electricity when he was learning English in the early morning. Every time he was carried out by his mother and saw the neon lights flashing on the street, he would dance. "How can anyone be on the TV?" "How can a toy car automatically turn?" ….. Since I was two years old, I have often asked my parents who are all from liberal arts to be speechless.

　　Because of her strong interest in electronic products, at the age of five, Chen Tian borrowed her cousin’s middle school physics textbook for self-study. On the Spring Festival that year, the family was going back to their hometown. Before leaving, they were worried that the red lanterns hanging on the balcony of Zhuhai’s home were left unattended in the morning. They had been on for more than ten days, which was both a waste of electricity and a fear of causing safety accidents. He sprouted the idea of designing a light-controlled switch. "It will automatically turn off the lights when there is sunshine during the day and turn on the lights at night when there is no sunshine." As a result, he removed a sensitive relay from a radio through two days of fiddling, and really made such a switch through transformation.

　　However, in the eyes of Chen Tian, the first real invention was the "fluorine-free electronic refrigerator" he built when he was 9 years old. Later, he was out of control. At the age of 12, he invented the "solar intelligent outdoor manhole cover management system", and at the age of 13, he developed the "programmable cloud-and-thing terminal and operating system" … At the age of 12, he won the first prize in the Guangdong Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition for six consecutive years and won the national first prize three times. At the end of last year, Chentian won the Science Award and the Silver Award in Computer Science in the 2017 Qiu Chengtong Middle School Science Award Global Finals with his paper "Universal Power Adaptation Protocol (UPP) and Its Implementation". From provincial and municipal competitions to going abroad to represent China teenagers in ISEF, Li Chentian has won more than 30 scientific and technological innovation competitions, and has successfully applied for 9 national invention patents.

　　All whimsy comes from life.

　　"There is no epiphany in science. I just invested enough time in invention and creation. I just started the accumulation of’ 10,000 hours’ earlier." Li Chentian said modestly that to make inventions, we must first have a strong interest and then invest a lot of time.

　　Chen Tian said that you should be curious when making inventions and pay attention to everything that happens around you. All my whimsy comes from life. The idea of the project "Active High-voltage Power Line Deicing Monitoring System" when I participated in the Innovation Challenge in the United States originated from the ice disaster in 2008. He was deeply impressed by the embarrassing picture of manual mechanical deicing in the power sector on TV, so he always had an idea, "If the frozen wires can be deiced automatically, even the wires in the alpine zone can not be frozen!" Over the past few years, he has done a full technical demonstration for this project, and this global innovation experience camp just gave him such an opportunity. Chen Tian said, "Due to sufficient technology accumulation, the original prototype of this project took only two days, and finally won the highest award’ ‘Best Project Award’ in the participating projects."

　　The topic he is working on, "Variable Temperature and Pressure Pump", was inspired by his parents taking him skiing in Harbin during the winter vacation in 2016. At that time, he saw a small vendor barbecuing with liquefied gas on the street, and the fire went out. As a result, he saw the small vendor cover the gas bottle with a towel, pour some boiling water on the towel, and the fire "sprayed" again. He said that when he saw this phenomenon, he was very excited and thought that this phenomenon might solve the problem of transporting low-viscosity liquids such as refrigerants that he had always wanted to solve. If the pressure in the pump chamber is changed by changing the temperature instead of moving parts such as piston, wouldn’t it be possible to manufacture a pump without moving parts?

　　Parents support the "disruptive" behavior of disassembling and tampering with household appliances from an early age.

　　Chen Tian said, "If I make small achievements, I would like to thank my parents for their tolerance and support." Since childhood, his parents never forced him to attend interest classes, and he was not required to be a schoolmaster. He said that he has never attended any cram school since he went to school. During the holiday, he either stayed at home to make inventions or participated in scientific and technological competitions and exchanges in various places.

　　Parents also fully support the "disruptive" behavior of dismantling household appliances that they have shown since childhood. Just in the first grade of primary school, in order to study the temperature control switch, I dismantled a newly bought electric heating plate imported from Germany at home in the morning. At that time, the market price was more than 2,000 yuan. When he was 9 years old, he developed a fluorine-free electronic refrigerator. In order to buy a refrigerator, his parents took him to Beijing to find many shops, and finally spent three days scouring Zhongguancun for the desired products.

　　In order to support his son’s innovation and invention, his father set up a "morning lab" for him at home. In this laboratory, the reporter saw a laser positioning machine, a small supercomputer with 72 cores, a multifunctional calibration measuring instrument with data stability of 2ppm, a multifunctional vector network analyzer and a very advanced mixed-signal oscilloscope.

　　"Over the years, the equipment in this laboratory alone has invested more than one million yuan, not including thousands of old electronic products that he invents and buys every time and dismantles." Chen Tian’s father smiled and said, "If we only talk about the electronic laboratory, my laboratory may be the best in Zhuhai."

　　However, apart from scientific and technological inventions, Chen Tian has no other hobbies. As long as he doesn’t go out to participate in scientific and technological competitions and exchanges in his spare time, he basically stays in this laboratory.

　　Learning computer programming in the fifth grade of primary school is painful to cry.

　　Li Chentian does not agree with the reputation of the outside world as a "genius boy". His parents have repeatedly stressed that their children have only shown strong interest in electrical appliances and circuits since childhood, and they are ordinary teenagers. "He is only willing to spend time on electronics," my father said seriously. "Since I was a child, I love to disassemble things. Others sell old household appliances at home, and my family often buys them back from outside."

　　Chen Tian added that every design or invention is not always smooth sailing, and there are many failures. There are two or three thousand discarded circuit boards at home. And when learning theoretical knowledge, I once had the idea of giving up. With the deepening of scientific research, he had to learn computer programming for a project in the fifth grade of primary school. Most of the electronic components encountered before are concrete things, while computer assembly language is too abstract. For a child in the fifth grade of elementary school, it is like reading a gobbledygook at first. "If you don’t understand, you can’t learn!" Sometimes I read until late at night, and in the morning I said that I was so miserable that I cried and wanted to give up several times. Finally, with the encouragement of his father, he persisted, and it took him more than a month to write the first program-"digital clock". Looking at the success of the first string of code written by myself, Chentian jumped with excitement. "He was yelling, and then he ran downstairs from upstairs and kept shouting, Dad, I made it up." Dad recalled.

　　Text, map/wide newspaper all-media reporter Chen Zhijia

In 2020, under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, the province’s education system adhered to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implemented the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, thoroughly studied and implemented the important exposition of the Supreme Leader on education, the spirit of the national and provincial education conferences and the Party’s education policy, accelerated the modernization of education, built a strong education province, and ran a satisfactory education for the people, and made new progress in the development of various educational undertakings at all levels.

I. Synthesis

There are 15,330 schools of all levels and types in the province [1], an increase of 153 schools or 1.01% over the previous year; There were 8,319,173 students in schools and educational institutions at all levels, an increase of 283,345 students or 3.53% over the previous year; There were 525,911 full-time teachers, an increase of 14,562 or 2.85% over the previous year.

Second, preschool education

There are 8,204 kindergartens in the province, an increase of 156 or 1.94% over the previous year. Pre-school education in the park [2] 501,347 children; There are 1,413,426 children in the kindergarten [3], an increase of 23,894 or 1.72% over the previous year.

There are 178,817 kindergarten teachers and staff, an increase of 9,101 or 5.36% over the previous year; There were 98,276 full-time teachers, an increase of 3,228 or 3.40% over the previous year.

Third, compulsory education

There are 6,251 compulsory education schools in the province, with 913,913 students, 4,060,324 students and 278,194 full-time teachers.

1. Primary school

There are 4,610 primary schools in the province, a decrease of 30 or 0.65% over the previous year. 514,146 students were enrolled, an increase of 3,213 students or 0.63% over the previous year; There were 2,892,019 students in school, an increase of 116,145 or 4.18% over the previous year; There were 398,105 graduates, an increase of 7,914 or 2.03% over the previous year. The net enrollment rate of primary school-age children [4] is 99.97%.

There are 173,278 teaching and administrative staff in primary schools [5] (excluding nine-year compulsory schools and twelve-year compulsory schools), an increase of 6,206 over the previous year, with an increase of 3.71%; There were 177,084 full-time teachers, an increase of 6,375 or 3.73% over the previous year. The qualification rate of full-time teachers [6] is 100%, which is the same as last year. The ratio of students to teachers is 16.33:1.

The total number of primary schools was 74,111, an increase of 2,752 over the previous year. Among them, there were 1,612 large classes with 56-65 students, 2,658 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 2.18% of the total number of classes, down 3.81 percentage points from the previous year; There are 0 super classes with more than 66 people.

2. Junior high school

There are 1,641 junior middle schools in the province, an increase of 29 or 1.80% over the previous year. Enrolled 399,767 students, an increase of 7,448 students or 1.90% over the previous year; 1,168,305 students, an increase of 44,786 or 3.99% over the previous year; There were 353,880 graduates, an increase of 2,520 or 0.72% over the previous year. The gross enrollment rate in junior high school [7] is 107.29%.

There are 117,314 junior high school teachers and staff, an increase of 4,449 or 3.94% over the previous year; There are 101,110 full-time teachers, an increase of 1,187 or 1.19% over the previous year. The qualification rate of junior high school full-time teachers was 99.97%, which was the same as last year. The ratio of students to teachers is 11.55:1.

The total number of junior high school classes is 25,659, an increase of 1,086 over the previous year. Among them, there were 234 large classes with 56-65 students, a decrease of 660 over the previous year, accounting for 0.91% of the total number of classes, a decrease of 2.73 percentage points over the previous year; There are 0 super-large classes with more than 66 people.

3. Migrant children [8]

There are 406,378 children of migrant workers in the compulsory education stage. Among them, 311,424 students attended primary schools and 94,954 students attended junior high schools.

Fourth, special education

There are 70 special education schools in the province, an increase of 4 or 6.06% over the previous year. There are 1,614 full-time teachers in special education schools, an increase of 95 or 6.25% over the previous year.

Enrolled 3,185 special education students in various forms [9], a decrease of 13 students or 0.41% over the previous year; There were 19,361 students, an increase of 1,002 or 5.46% over the previous year; There were 3,156 graduates, an increase of 744 or 30.85% over the previous year.

Fifth, high school education

There are 694 schools in the province’s high school education [10], a decrease of 7 schools or 1.00% over the previous year; Enrolled 319,589 students, a decrease of 2,314 students or 0.72% over the previous year; There were 934,235 students in school, a decrease of 7,185 or 0.76% compared with the previous year.

1. Ordinary high schools

There are 464 ordinary high schools in the province, 7 fewer than the previous year, down by 1.49%; Enrolled 212,548 students, a decrease of 164 students or 0.08% over the previous year; There were 654,448 students, a decrease of 29,443 or 4.31% over the previous year; There were 241,318 graduates, a decrease of 10,917 or 4.33% over the previous year.

There are 86,958 teaching and administrative staff in ordinary senior high schools, a decrease of 915 or 1.04% over the previous year. There were 57,224 full-time teachers, a decrease of 249 or 0.43% over the previous year. The ratio of students to teachers is 11.44:1. The qualification rate of full-time teachers’ academic qualifications was 99.41%, an increase of 0.33 percentage points over the previous year.

2. Secondary vocational education

There are 230 secondary vocational education [11] schools in the province, which is the same as last year. Among them, there are 31 general secondary specialized schools, which is the same as last year; 196 vocational high schools, unchanged from the previous year; There are 3 adult secondary specialized schools, the same as last year.

Secondary vocational education enrolled 107,041 students, 2,150 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 33.49% of the total enrollment of senior high school education in the province. Among them, general secondary specialized schools enrolled 27,660 students, an increase of 1,629 students or 6.26% over the previous year; Vocational high schools enrolled 79,280 students, a decrease of 3,820 students or 4.60% over the previous year; Adult secondary specialized schools enrolled 101 students, an increase of 41 students or 68.33% over the previous year.

There are 279,787 students in secondary vocational education, an increase of 22,258 over the previous year, accounting for 29.95% of the total number of students in high school education in the province. Among them, there are 70,400 students in general secondary specialized schools, an increase of 8,441 or 13.62% over the previous year; There are 209,061 students in vocational high schools, an increase of 13,785 over the previous year, an increase of 7.06%; There are 326 students in adult secondary specialized schools, 32 more than the previous year, with an increase of 10.88%.

There were 73,941 secondary vocational education graduates, an increase of 923 or 1.26% over the previous year. Among them, there were 17,251 graduates from ordinary secondary specialized schools, an increase of 352 over the previous year; 56,588 vocational high school graduates, an increase of 663 over the previous year; There were 102 graduates from adult secondary specialized schools, 92 fewer than the previous year.

There are 19,741 teachers and staff in secondary vocational education schools, an increase of 841 over the previous year. Among them, there are 2,666 faculty members in ordinary secondary specialized schools, a decrease of 430 from the previous year; There are 16,896 teaching and administrative staff in vocational high schools, an increase of 1,276 over the previous year; There are 179 teaching and administrative staff in adult secondary specialized schools, 5 fewer than the previous year.

There are 15,190 full-time teachers in secondary vocational education schools, an increase of 843 over the previous year. Among them, there are 1,853 full-time teachers in ordinary secondary specialized schools, a decrease of 298 over the previous year; There are 13,216 full-time teachers in vocational high schools, an increase of 1,118 over the previous year; There are 121 full-time teachers in adult secondary specialized schools, an increase of 23 over the previous year. The ratio of students to teachers is 18.42:1.

VI. Higher education

There are 110 higher education schools in the province. Among them, there are 96 ordinary colleges and universities, an increase of 1 over the previous year, and 14 adult colleges and universities. There are 57 ordinary undergraduate colleges, the same as last year. There are 39 higher vocational colleges, an increase of one over the previous year. There are 50 graduate training institutions in the province, including 28 colleges and universities and 22 scientific research institutions. The total number of all kinds of higher education students in the province is [12]1,904,431, an increase of 105,293 over the previous year.

The whole province enrolled 59,041 graduate students [13], an increase of 10,846 over the previous year, with an increase of 22.50%. Among them, 5,681 doctoral students were enrolled, an increase of 541 over the previous year; 53,360 master students were enrolled, an increase of 10,305 over the previous year. There are 165,911 graduate students, an increase of 19,226 or 13.11% over the previous year. Among them, there are 24,886 doctoral students, an increase of 2,068 over the previous year; There are 141,025 master students studying, an increase of 17,158 over the previous year. There were 37,388 graduate students, an increase of 4,918 over the previous year. Among them, 2,942 graduated doctoral students and 34,446 graduated master students.

There were 387,950 students enrolled in general colleges, an increase of 16,058 students or 4.32% over the previous year. 1,210,048 students, an increase of 88,058 or 7.85% over the previous year; There were 291,648 graduates, a decrease of 1,848 or 0.63% over the previous year.

There were 101,297 students enrolled in adult colleges, an increase of 3,651 students or 3.74% over the previous year. There were 218,199 students, an increase of 23,845 or 12.27% over the previous year; There were 73,907 graduates, an increase of 11,552 or 18.53% over the previous year.

There are 110,130 faculty members in colleges and universities in the province, an increase of 2,213 or 2.05% over the previous year; There were 73,436 full-time teachers, an increase of 3,118 or 4.43% over the previous year. The ratio of students to teachers in ordinary colleges and universities is [14]19.00:1. There are 2,381 faculty members in adult colleges and universities, 84 fewer than the previous year; There are 1,306 full-time teachers, an increase of 22 over the previous year.

VII. Private education

There are 4,451 private schools (institutions) at all levels in the province, 340 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 29.03% of the total number of schools at all levels in the province. There are 1,579,305 students, a decrease of 68,109 over the previous year. Among them:

There were 3,913 private kindergartens, a decrease of 341 or 8.02% over the previous year. There are 700,831 children in the park, 127,287 fewer than the previous year, down by 15.37%.

There are 227 private ordinary primary schools, 2 fewer than the previous year, down by 0.87%. There were 258,623 students, an increase of 19,413 or 8.12% over the previous year.

There are 105 private junior high schools, an increase of 4 over the previous year, with an increase of 3.96%. There were 162,171 students, an increase of 10,553 or 6.96% over the previous year.

There are 87 private ordinary high schools, one less than the previous year, down by 1.14%. There were 71,547 students in school, a decrease of 439 students or 0.61% compared with the previous year.

There are 79 private secondary vocational schools, one less than the previous year, down by 1.25%. There were 71,926 students, an increase of 6,561 or 10.04% over the previous year.

There are 32 private colleges and universities (including 10 independent colleges), an increase of 1 over the previous year, with an increase of 3.23%. There were 309,399 students, an increase of 25,818 or 9.10% over the previous year.

Notes:

[1] Due to rounding, some data in the report may be different from the total of sub-items.

[2] Including independent kindergartens and children with kindergarten classes. In 2019, according to the development of education, the index of preschool children entering the park was revised. The number of children entering the park (class) refers to the number of children entering preschool education for the first time.

[3] Including independent kindergartens and children with kindergarten classes.

[4] The net enrollment rate of primary school-age children refers to the percentage of the school-age population in primary education in the total population of the age group stipulated by the state for primary education, which is calculated according to different school age and academic system.

[5] Because the number of teachers and staff in the nine-year compulsory school is included in the junior high school education, the number of teachers and staff in the complete middle school and the twelve-year compulsory school is included in the senior high school education, and the full-time teachers are classified according to the education level, so there are cases where the data of primary school teachers and staff are less than that of full-time teachers.

[6] The qualification rate of full-time teachers’ academic qualifications refers to the percentage of the number of full-time teachers with the minimum academic qualifications stipulated by the state in a certain level of education to the total number of full-time teachers in that level of education. The minimum education requirements for teachers at all levels refer to the relevant provisions in the Teachers Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC): to obtain the qualification of primary school teachers, one should have graduated from a secondary normal school or above; To obtain the qualifications of a junior middle school teacher, a primary vocational school culture teacher and a professional teacher, one should have graduated from a normal college or other college or above; To obtain the qualifications of teachers in senior middle schools and teachers in cultural courses and specialized courses in secondary specialized schools, technical schools and vocational high schools, one should have a bachelor’s degree or above in normal universities or other universities.

[7] Gross enrollment rate refers to the percentage of the total number of students regardless of age in a certain level of education in the population of the age group specified by the state at that level of education. The gross enrollment rate may exceed 100% due to the inclusion of students in the informal age group (younger or over-aged).

[8] The children of migrant workers refer to school-age children and adolescents whose household registration is registered in the rural areas of other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and counties (districts) outside the province, and who go to the urban areas and towns (live together) where their parents are imported and receive compulsory education.

[9] Including special education schools, special education classes, students who study in regular classes and send them to their homes.

[10] High school education includes ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools.

[11] Secondary vocational education includes general secondary specialized schools, vocational high schools and adult secondary specialized schools, excluding technical schools.

[12] Including graduate students, ordinary undergraduate students, adult undergraduate students, online undergraduate students, higher education self-study exams and other forms of higher education students.

[13] According to the relevant requirements of the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Coordinating the Management of Full-time and Part-time Postgraduates (Teaching and Research Department [2016] No.2), the connotation of postgraduate enrollment and students in 2017 changed, and the data of part-time postgraduates increased.

[14] The ratio of students to teachers in ordinary colleges and universities, the total number of students is equivalent to the number of students.