Guangdong’s ＂Nanyue Home Economics＂ project directly hits the pain point of the industry and solves the problem of home economics service.
Domestic service personnel are being trained.
Text/Figure Yangcheng Evening News reporter Zhou Cong correspondent Yue Renxuan
With the improvement of people’s living standards and the accelerating process of population aging, as well as the implementation of the "two children in an all-round way" policy, the demand for domestic economics in Guangdong is increasing. The data shows that by the end of 2018, there were 14,700 service enterprises in Guangdong’s domestic service industry with more than 960,000 employees. There is a huge talent gap in the domestic service industry.
Yesterday, the Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department issued the "Work Plan for Promoting Employment by Implementing the" Southern Guangdong Home Economics "Project in Guangdong Province" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), proposing 22 specific measures to effectively solve the bottleneck restricting the development of domestic service and fully solve the problem of domestic service.
In the eyes of practitioners, what are the "pain points" in the development of the industry? How will the implementation of "South Guangdong Project" promote the standardized, orderly and healthy development of the industry and expand the supply of quality services? In the past few days, the reporter of Yangcheng Evening News visited a number of enterprises on how to break through the domestic chaos, and visited how the employees in the domestic industry viewed these problems.
Who will be the nanny in the future after the older generation quits?
"Although the domestic industry is a sunrise industry, people engaged in the domestic service industry are getting old." Ma Baolan, an expert and instructor in maternal and child care, has been working in the field of domestic nursing for many years. In 2005, she returned from Switzerland and became the first professional lecturer in China.
"The domestic industry rose in the 1990 s. At that time, it was generally laid-off workers who did domestic work." Ma Baolan told reporters that behind the huge demand of the domestic industry, there are "stubborn diseases" that have existed since the rise of the industry: from the management to the bottom employees, domestic workers are seriously aging, with a weak sense of standardization and a weak professionalism.
Ma Baolan told reporters that the age of 30 to 45 is the golden age for nanny work. At present, most domestic service workers come from rural areas, with low technical content and low social identity, which makes young people flinch from this industry.
"Now most people still feel that the nanny’s work is not decent and has no status. Traditional concepts are an important reason for preventing more people from entering the domestic service industry. " Ma Baolan believes that this is a flaw in our culture. If we don’t change these "arrogance and prejudice", no one will be a domestic worker in the future. "When the older generation of nannies quit the market, if there is no young blood supplement. I am afraid that there are no people available in the domestic industry. "
At the same time, the domestic industry lacks not only domestic service personnel, but also domestic high-skilled talents and management talents. "There are two main sources for the management of domestic enterprises: one is to be a nanny, a new moon, and start a business; The other is a university graduate who is optimistic about this industry, but this source accounts for a very low proportion. " Ma Baolan said.
Countermeasures:
Encourage technical colleges to offer domestic service majors.
The reporter visited and learned that there has been a long-standing call for colleges and universities to offer home economics majors. In this regard, Guangdong has put forward a skill improvement action plan in the "South Guangdong Home Economics" project. According to the relevant person in charge of the Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department, Guangdong will increase the training of domestic service personnel in technical colleges and expand the scale of independent enrollment for the old Soviet areas and ethnic areas.
Encourage the province’s technical colleges to set up domestic service majors according to market demand, build a number of provincial-level key and characteristic majors of domestic service technical skills talents, and give policy and financial support according to regulations.
At the same time, the student aid policy will be implemented according to the regulations, so that students from poor families who are willing to attend technical colleges can enjoy 100% preferential policies for technical education. Support qualified technical colleges to use modern apprenticeship or enterprise new apprenticeship to carry out the training of domestic service professionals.
The training certificate is flying all over the sky, and the service stars are determined by themselves.
"We want to get systematic training to improve our skills and service quality, but such a domestic company is really hard to find." Ms. Zhang, who has 15 years of experience in domestic service, admits that in recent years, the content of domestic service has become increasingly complex, which puts higher demands on the skills of domestic service personnel. However, the training in the industry is mixed, which makes her headache.
Nowadays, all kinds of maternal and child nurse practitioner certificates, prolactin certificates and gold medal monthly certificates are flying all over the sky; The star rating of domestic service is self-determined, and there is no certain reference standard. The reporter visited and found that the domestic training market is mixed, which is regarded by the industry as the biggest obstacle to the healthy development of the domestic industry.
"Where there is a market, there is demand, and there is demand, there is interest." Zhu Deyi, president of Guangzhou Family Service Industry Association, said frankly that in the face of the "fragrant steamed bun" of domestic service, everyone wants a piece of it, and many training institutions that simply don’t understand domestic service came into being, playing "edge ball" to gain benefits, and even violating the law and regulations, making the market environment less perfect more chaotic.
The reporter learned that at present, there are three kinds of domestic training certificates: one is recognized by the labor department and issued by the labor department at the time of graduation, and the training institutions of such certificates can generally receive training subsidies given by the government and calculated on a per capita basis; The second is the certificate issued by the training institution itself; The third is that domestic training institutions carry out their own training, but in order to show "authority", they buy certificates issued by "shanzhai" societies from other places.
Zhu Deyi pointed out that although the National Standards Committee issued the relevant specifications for the domestic service industry and made detailed provisions on the access conditions for maternal and child care workers, it did not specify the specific issuing department of vocational qualification certificates. The classification of senior lunar calendar and star-rated lunar calendar is also assessed by domestic companies themselves.
In terms of fees, Zhu Deyi told reporters that "the employment prices of domestic workers are set by each company, and there is no certain reference standard, which is quite chaotic." Xiao Li, who has been engaged in the domestic industry for 78 years, said that at present, the service standards of the domestic industry are not uniform, which leads to the inability to unify pricing.
Countermeasures:
Screening high-quality institutions to undertake training tasks
"In view of the chaos in the industry, ‘ Nanyue Home Economics ’ During the implementation of the project, a group of institutions with good school conditions and high training quality will be selected in the industry to undertake the task of domestic service training, and policy and financial support will be given according to regulations. " The relevant person in charge of the Provincial People’s and Social Welfare Department said that at that time, relying on the public service platform of Guangdong remote vocational training, a column on domestic service skills training will be set up to carry out free distance training.
Encourage all localities to build demonstration bases for domestic service training with local characteristics, and establish no less than 10 municipal demonstration bases in each prefecture-level city in the Pearl River Delta region and no less than 6 in the eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong regions. Those identified as provincial-level domestic service training demonstration bases will be rewarded according to regulations.
Domestic servants and employers distrust each other.
"In fact, the work of domestic servants is not good either." Du Xiaojuan, general manager of Maoming Chengxin Youth Home Economics Service Co., Ltd. said frankly that conflicts and disputes between users and home economics service personnel still occur from time to time.
On the issue of "how to do housework", there are also many differences between the two sides. A new moon told reporters that many "non-professional" parents often make mistakes, which makes her in a dilemma. "I once met a young father, who decided that sunlight would be good for the baby’s bone development, and insisted on holding the child out in the sun. I could only shade the child from time to time, but he kept complaining. As a result, the baby stayed in the sun for a noon and several skins were sunburned."
In the interview, many nannies and hourly workers complained to reporters: the most difficult thing to accept is that employers don’t respect us. Some employers think that domestic servants are "inferior", bossing around nannies or hourly workers, or withholding wages at will. Some domestic servants who work as "casual workers" can only submit to humiliation.
"There is no shortage of nannies. What is lacking is a good nanny. What is lacking is ‘ Elderly nanny ’ . The elderly are looking for a nanny, and they still have requirements for their age. They are too beautiful and too young, and they are also required to chat and have a little hobby. " During the visit, a trainer of a housekeeping company bluntly said that many elderly people looking for a nanny are comparable to looking for a "wife", and they have to go through several levels: children’s approval, their own consent, and pleasing to the eye, and both sides must be able to talk.
Many managers of domestic enterprises also said that at present, the quality of domestic service personnel is mixed, and the nanny’s rough treatment of children and the elderly happens from time to time, which makes it difficult for employers to be completely at ease.
Countermeasures:
Carry out certificates and real-name management.
One side laments that "a good nanny is hard to find", while the other side complains that "there are too few good employers".
In this regard, the "South Guangdong Home Economics" project clearly proposes to establish a tripartite credit file registration and inquiry platform for domestic service enterprises, employees and employers, implement the certification and real-name management of domestic service employees, and build a new comprehensive management service system for domestic service industry with credit as the core.
The reporter learned that many cities have begun to build a domestic credit system. "This credit system should be two-way. Not only domestic workers should establish credit files, but also employees and customers should have a mutual evaluation system." Zhu Deyi, president of Guangzhou Family Service Industry Association, said that the association began to build a credit system in 2015. At present, the Association of official website has a credit inquiry platform for Guangzhou family service industry. Employers can query employees’ identity information, skills and job certificates on the platform, and the platform will also display employees’ past services and customers’ comments on them.