Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology： Mobilize the enthusiasm of the whole society and jointly promote the construction of a strong country.
Manufacturing has become the commanding height of global economic competition. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council are determined to accelerate the promotion of new industrialization, promote the manufacturing industry and grasp the real economy. In May last year, the State Council formulated and issued Made in China 2025, which is the action program for China to implement the strategy of manufacturing power in the first decade. Its core is to accelerate the innovation and development of manufacturing industry and realize the historic transformation of China from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power. After a year and a half of implementation, what is the progress of Made in China 2025? What results have been achieved? What problems should we pay attention to? How to further advance in the next step? In response to these hot issues, the reporter recently interviewed Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology.
《中国制造2025》贯彻实施效果显著
记者：去年5月发布的《中国制造2025》是我国制造业一个纲领性文件，我国发布实施《中国制造2025》意义是什么？《中国制造2025》贯彻实施已经一年多的时间了，目前整体推进情况如何？
Miao Wei:《中国制造2025》是我国实现制造强国目标三步走当中第一步的行动纲领。最高领袖总书记曾指出工业是我们的立国之本，只有工业强才能实现国家强。根据习总书记指示要求，工业和信息化部和中国工程院一起研究了实现工业大国向工业强国转变的三步走发展战略。在此基础上，制订了行动纲领，《中国制造2025》实际上就是我国从制造大国走向制造强国的第一步。通过实施《中国制造2025》可以使全社会更加关注制造业的发展，我国是个大国，必须要把核心关键技术和产品牢牢掌握在手中。光靠进口不能支撑中国全面实现小康社会目标，更不能支撑中国实现发达国家这一目标。
《中国制造2025》从去年5月正式发布以来，引起了国内国外广泛关注，国务院也成立了国家制造强国领导小组。一年多来，工业和信息化部重点做了以下几方面工作。First, a 1+X planning system has been established.1 is the planning itself of Made in China 2025, and X refers to 11 supporting plans or action plans or development guides. At present, we have issued 8 guidelines and organized their implementation, and the remaining 3 are in the process of approval.
Second, the "Made in China 2025" class was held with the Central Organization Department and the National School of Administration for provincial and ministerial cadres.In this form, we can deepen the study and understanding of documents and improve our understanding of ideas. We also know that there are 27 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, which have set up leading groups to build strong provinces, thus ensuring the implementation of the plan ideologically and organizationally.
Third, the strategic advisory Committee of the national manufacturing power was established.The National Manufacturing Power Strategy Advisory Committee has released the 2015 edition of the roadmap for technological innovation in key areas to guide market resources to effectively gather in the country’s strategic priorities.
Fourth, carry out pilot demonstrations.. At present, pilot demonstration work has been carried out in Ningbo, Zhejiang, six cities and one district on the west bank of the Pearl River in Guangdong, and five cities in southern Jiangsu, and valuable experience has been gained through pilot demonstration.
Fifth, strengthen overall coordination.. In order to avoid everyone rushing headlong into action, we have formulated the "Made in China 2025" guidelines for provinces and cities, and the ministries and provinces have cooperated to jointly promote the development of local industries and enterprises with advantages.
Reporter: What obvious effects have we seen since it was implemented for more than a year? Next, what ideas do we have? How to thoroughly implement Made in China in the next step?2025》？
Miao Wei:Last year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology identified 46 pilot demonstration projects of intelligent manufacturing, and this year, 63 projects were identified. These 109 projects are distributed in different industries. These projects have achieved remarkable results in improving production efficiency, reducing energy consumption, reducing development cycle and reducing operating costs of enterprises. Accumulated replicable experiences and models in sub-sectors, and organized trade associations to promote them.
Next, we will also focus on the following tasks. First, do a good job in the implementation of five major projects, namely, the construction project of manufacturing innovation center, intelligent manufacturing project, industrial strong foundation project, green manufacturing project and high-end equipment innovation project proposed by Made in China 2025. Second, do a good job in the refinement and implementation of relevant policies. Third, do a good job in pilot demonstration, mobilize more local governments to participate in the implementation of Made in China 2025, and mobilize our enthusiasm to form a pattern in which the central and local governments jointly promote the construction and development of a manufacturing power. Fourth, do a good job in overall coordination, including the connection between planning and planning, the mutual support of policies among departments, and the linkage between ministries and provinces. Through these efforts, the plan will be turned into an annual plan, and the annual plan will be turned into practical action, and the action will be turned into an effect.
Intelligent manufacturing is the trend of industrial change.
Reporter: Made in China2025The main direction of "Intelligent Manufacturing" is intelligent manufacturing. We find that the meaning of intelligent manufacturing is very rich. For different industries and enterprises, its focus is also different. What is the core of intelligent manufacturing that you understand?
Miao Wei:I think intelligent manufacturing is our ultimate development goal. In fact, Made in China 2025 holds that intelligent manufacturing is divided into three stages, namely digitalization, networking and intelligence. At present, on a global scale, few existing enterprises can reach the level of intelligence. The basis of intelligence is digitalization. We should first change products, production processes and management digitally. On this basis, we will establish communication networks between different equipment, equipment and products, equipment and people, and finally realize networking. On the basis of digitalization and networking, we can talk about intelligent manufacturing. Considering that the ultimate direction for us to guide everyone is intelligence, we take intelligent manufacturing as our main direction, which has been reflected in the guiding ideology of Made in China 2025.
Reporter:Intelligent manufacturing is a very complicated process. For enterprises, the change is very big. Whether it is production equipment, the whole production line or the whole network design, it involves many dimensions and a wide range. So, is this industrial revolution a big wave of sand scouring in China’s industry?
Miao Wei:From a global perspective, whether we discuss the third industrial revolution or German Industry 4.0, it is indeed a scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. In this change, enterprises must keep up with the process in order to stand out. If you turn a blind eye to this process, or the pace is too slow, you may be eliminated by the trend, which is an inevitable trend. More and more enterprises in China are gradually joining in the intelligent manufacturing and taking the initiative to take measures. Although it will increase some investment and bring about changes in the existing production mode, it is still worthwhile. The achievements of the pilot demonstration projects mentioned earlier show that it is necessary to implement intelligent manufacturing as a new production mode in all walks of life.
Reporter:We have seen some leading enterprises in some industries, forming intelligent workshops and even internet factories, which are at the forefront of their peers. So does this mean that this is an advanced model? In addition, what are the bottlenecks in the process of advancing? How to solve it?
Miao Wei:With the continuous advancement of the intelligent process, what these enterprises do definitely represents a direction. Of course, this progress will not stop. With the continuous development of technology, intelligent manufacturing technology represented by artificial intelligence will be gradually introduced to transform traditional production lines. With the popularization of intelligent manufacturing, it also poses real challenges to the industry, such as realizing online detection and control, which brings challenges to sensing technology, data storage and application. In the long run, with the continuous improvement of the level of intelligence, it also brings some new problems to the industry that have not been encountered in the traditional way, and security is one of them. Now that a Trojan virus is implanted into the terminal, it may bring a series of large-scale social impacts. Not long ago, the Ukrainian power grid was paralyzed in a large area. In fact, it was because of the introduction of intelligent manufacturing technology that the virus was implanted. However, despite the objective existence of problems, development should not be stopped because of these problems, and development should still be put in the first place.
As for the bottleneck encountered by enterprises in the process of moving towards intelligent manufacturing, I think we should start from the following aspects: First, improve the standards. The first step to realize intelligent manufacturing is interconnection. If there are no rules that everyone abides by, it will become a "chicken and duck talk", which is also the primary problem faced by American industrial Internet and German Industry 4.0.
Second, break through the core technology. Core technologies in China’s high-end sensors, control systems, industrial software, industrial internet and other fields have yet to be broken. Without advanced technologies, digitalization, networking and intelligence will be empty talk.
Third, arm the industry with high-end equipment. In other words, the industry needs more high-end CNC machine tools, 3D printing and industrial robots to participate in production, so as to promote the automation and digitalization of the production process of enterprises and finally realize intelligence.
Finally, ensure the safety of industrial networks. With more machines and more products connected to the Internet, the problems facing the Internet now may extend to the Internet of Things. The impact and damage caused by it may be greater than the impact and damage caused by the Internet. We must plan ahead, study and deal with these problems as soon as possible, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. First, to do a good job in security prevention and control, all these networked devices should be equipped with a certain protection system, including the password of the personnel used should be updated regularly, and the complexity should be improved. This is the most fundamental. Second, we should study some technologies to find problems in time, such as anti-virus systems, and be able to know when and where we have problems. Third, to establish a credible system of the whole society, in the real society, honesty is the rule that everyone must abide by. Similarly, in the future network society, everyone should pay attention to honesty in order to maintain order.
Reporter:In the process of promoting intelligent manufacturing, are there any shortcomings? Where are the shortcomings?
Miao Wei:In the process of promoting intelligent manufacturing, our biggest shortcoming is that the industrialization process lags behind that of developed countries. For example, Germany, a developed country, according to its standards, German enterprises have basically reached the level of 3.0. However, Chinese enterprises have not yet reached 2.0, so we have to make up the course of 2.0, and promote 3.0 to 4.0 at the same time. We must promote 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 in parallel. So for us, this may be our biggest shortcoming. Of course, China also has advantages. China is the country with the largest manufacturing industry and the largest Internet application in the world. If these two advantages are brought into full play, especially the better integration of industrial enterprises and Internet enterprises, we can fill the shortcomings and turn disadvantages into advantages. We should give full play to our existing advantages and speed up the whole process of industrialization.
Promoting innovation drive with enterprises as the main body
Reporter:Innovation is driven by Made in China.2025One of the basic principles in the guiding ideology is to improve the innovation ability of the national manufacturing industry, which is also made in China2025"One of the key tasks. We have a profound experience in the interview, that is, many enterprises feel that innovation mechanism is very important. Excuse me, how should we promote innovation drive at the national level?
Miao Wei:Innovation is the driving force of industrial development. Only through continuous innovation can industrial enterprises improve their competitiveness and remain invincible in the competition. For the manufacturing industry, we should promote innovation-driven. On the one hand, we should build an innovation system that combines Industry-University-Research with enterprises as the main body, give full play to the main position and role of enterprises, and let enterprises assume the main responsibility in innovation, especially in technological innovation.
On the other hand, we should eliminate the so-called "Death Valley" from laboratory products to industrialization, and improve the effectiveness of the supply of key common technologies. The primary task put forward in "Made in China 2025" is the construction project of manufacturing innovation center. Through the construction of innovation center, the problem of lack of common technology oriented to the industry can be solved, so as to promote more scientific research achievements to be finally transformed into realistic productivity.
Reporter:What are the essential differences between manufacturing innovation centers and our previous R&D centers? What is the operating mechanism?
Miao Wei:First of all, the purpose of manufacturing innovation center is to provide industry-oriented generic technology, rather than providing individual core technology of a single enterprise. After research, we believe that the manufacturing innovation center must attract the backbone enterprises in the industry to participate in investment and construction, and solve the common technical problems faced by everyone.
Secondly, in the system, the manufacturing innovation center is built according to the principle of marketization, and institutions, especially those with full funding, are not suitable. We should look for topics and research and development directions in the market competition according to the principle of marketization, and finally turn these technologies into the income of innovation centers.
Finally, in terms of internal mechanism, we hope to establish a modern enterprise system with China characteristics, which can give full play to and dispatch people’s enthusiasm and provide systems to attract, retain and give full play to talents. Of course, we don’t have much experience in this respect. We should sum up while exploring and constantly improve to form a new system and operating mechanism suitable for the development of innovation centers.
Multi-pronged approach to promote the innovation and development of major technical equipment
Reporter:The major technical equipment is made in China.2025One of the key promotion areas, what achievements have we made in promoting the research and development of major technical equipment? In the process of promoting the development of major technical equipment, what do we have to grasp?
Miao Wei:After more than 30 years of development, China’s major technical equipment has made remarkable achievements. A number of important technical equipment such as manned space flight, "Jiaolong" submersible, large passenger plane, million kilowatt ultra-supercritical thermal power unit, million kilowatt nuclear power unit, UHV AC/DC power transmission and transformation equipment, high-speed gantry five-axis machining center and high-speed rail transit equipment have been successfully developed. The rapid development of major technical equipment has greatly enhanced China’s comprehensive strength, provided strong support for China’s economic and social development, and laid an important foundation for China as a big country with world influence.
For example, in the early days of reform and opening up, all nuclear power plants in China were contracted by foreign companies. Take Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station as an example, everything from nuclear island equipment to screws and nuts, and even stainless steel dinner plates for canteens were imported at the request of French companies. Today, China has mastered the core technology of the third generation nuclear power represented by "Hualong No.1" and CAP1400, and realized the world’s first set of 1 100 kV UHV DC transmission and transformation equipment. In addition, Jinan No.2 Machine Tool "large-scale automatic automobile stamping production line" not only occupied nearly 80% of the domestic market, but also successfully entered the international high-end market. In the international bidding, it won orders for 9 production lines of Ford Motor Company in four American factories, especially in the case of a price war between German competitors. The above two cases show that China’s major technical equipment is moving from following development to innovation, from low-end "good quality and low price" to high-end development.
In practical work, we promote the research and development of major technical equipment through the implementation of major scientific and technological projects. At present, China has started to implement the special projects of high-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment, new generation broadband wireless mobile communication network, core components, high-grade chips and basic software, and recently launched major projects of aero-engines and gas turbines. We hope that through the implementation of special projects, we will promote high-end breakthroughs in equipment and push forward the continuous development of the entire major technical equipment.
Reporter:During the interview, we found that China invested money, manpower and material resources to research and develop major projects, and finally made products with certain competitive advantages. However, sometimes the market is not optimistic, and it feels that the application of the first set has become a bottleneck. What do you think of this? Do we have corresponding countermeasures?
Miao Wei:There are subjective and objective reasons for this phenomenon. Subjectively, people often think that there may be some defects or deficiencies in the first set of new equipment. Although the price is low compared with foreign products, some people will worry about the decrease of reliability and quality. Objectively speaking, at present, the whole society still needs to form a consensus to support the "first set". To provide opportunities for everyone to use it, only by constantly improving in use can we continuously improve the product performance. Therefore, we need to start from the system and policy to solve these problems.
In February last year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in conjunction with relevant departments, launched the pilot work of the insurance compensation mechanism for the first (set) of major technical equipment, that is to say, the first set of equipment was insured, and in case of problems, the insurance company would pay compensation instead of putting all the risks on the users. This system has just begun. In the past year or so, we have promoted the first (set) application of more than 50 billion equipment products and promoted the innovation and development of major technical equipment.
It can be said that the pilot work of the insurance compensation mechanism for the first (set) of major technical equipment has been innovated in mechanism, and it has also been well received by enterprises. In the next step, we will continue to improve the policy and expand the use effect.