The first document on the reform of educational evaluation system was issued, and the ＂baton＂ of educational evaluation was completely turned.
Recently, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Overall Plan for Deepening the Reform of Education Evaluation in the New Era" (hereinafter referred to as the "Overall Plan"), which defined the task book and road map of China’s education evaluation reform in the new era around five main bodies: party committees, governments, schools, teachers, students and society.
"This is the first document on the reform of education evaluation system in new China, and it is also a programmatic document to guide the deepening of education evaluation reform in the new era." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said.
The baton of educational evaluation has turned in an all-round way. What is "broken" and what is "established"? How to promote the party Committee and government to do a good job in education in the new era through evaluation reform? It is no longer simple to evaluate teachers by test scores, students by test scores, and schools by enrollment rate. What is the educational evaluation? A series of issues of concern to the CPC Central Committee, the masses and the society were answered in the Overall Plan.
Reform the evaluation of party committees and government education.
Break what: short-sighted behavior and utilitarian tendency
What to do: the system and mechanism of scientific performance of duties
Post the "Happy News" of the college entrance examination, flaunt "learning hegemony" and "top scholar" of the college entrance examination and the college entrance examination, regard the enrollment rate as school achievements, and give the front-line teachers extra weight … … In the "Overall Plan", these behaviors that once stirred the mood of many schools, parents and candidates were explicitly stopped.
The reporter noted that in order to reform the evaluation of the education work of party committees and governments, the "Overall Plan" drew a "red line" of behavior, and put forward the requirements of "three noes and one prohibition", that is, it is not allowed to issue entrance examination indicators or assess the next-level party committees and governments, education departments, schools and teachers with the entrance examination rate, not to link the entrance examination rate with school projects, fund allocation and evaluation, and not to reward them with the entrance examination results in any form.
"To ‘ Break ’ It is short-sighted behavior and utilitarian tendency, ‘ Li ’ The purpose is to scientifically perform the responsibility system and mechanism. " The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said.
What should we evaluate the education work of party committees and governments without looking at the enrollment rate? The "Overall Plan" gives a clear direction: in terms of the system and mechanism of the party’s overall leadership over education, party committees and governments at all levels should improve the mechanism of regular research on education, and establish and improve the systems of in-depth education front-line research by leading comrades of the party and government, ideological and political classes for teachers and students, contact with schools and year-end debriefing. In the evaluation of the government’s performance of educational duties, it is necessary to evaluate both the final result and the degree of efforts and progress.
Reform school evaluation
Break what: one-sided school-running behavior such as emphasizing scores over quality
What to establish: the implementation mechanism of Lide Shuren
The effectiveness of moral education is the fundamental standard to test all the work of the school. However, in practice, one-sided school-running behaviors, such as emphasizing intellectual education over moral education and emphasizing scores over quality, make it difficult to implement the fundamental task of education. In view of this unscientific educational evaluation orientation, the Master Plan puts forward clear evaluation criteria for all kinds of schools at all levels.
For example, for the evaluation of kindergartens, the "Overall Plan" puts forward the key evaluation of scientific education, standardized running of kindergartens, safety and health, team building, and overcoming the tendency of primary school. In improving the evaluation of primary and secondary schools, it is put forward that compulsory education schools should focus on promoting students’ all-round development, ensuring students’ equal rights and interests, leading teachers’ professional development and improving the level of education and teaching. Ordinary senior high schools mainly evaluate the cultivation of students’ all-round development, highlight the implementation of students’ comprehensive quality evaluation, and carry out students’ development guidance. To improve the evaluation of vocational schools, it is proposed to focus on the evaluation of vocational schools, such as the integration of morality and skills, the integration of production and education, the cooperation between schools and enterprises, the combination of education and training, the students’ acquisition of vocational qualifications or vocational skill level certificates, the employment quality of graduates, and the construction of "double-qualified" teachers.
"It is necessary to effectively promote the education of Lide Shuren in all fields of basic education, vocational education and higher education, and promote students’ physical and mental health and all-round development." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said.
Reform teacher evaluation
Breaking what: emphasizing scientific research over teaching, emphasizing teaching over educating people, etc.
What to stand for: the institutional requirements of concentrating on teaching and educating people wholeheartedly
Teachers are the foundation of establishing education and the source of promoting education. In view of the long-standing behavior of emphasizing scientific research over teaching and emphasizing teaching over educating people, the Master Plan has designed a series of reform tasks to fully construct the system requirements of concentrating on teaching and educating people wholeheartedly.
In the "Overall Plan", teachers’ morality and style are once again emphasized as the first standard of teachers, and specific measures are put forward, such as establishing a notification and warning system for teachers’ misconduct, and exploring the implementation of a system of banning education from the whole industry for teachers with serious problems of teachers’ morality and style.
As for how to highlight the educational and teaching achievements, the plan puts forward different requirements for teachers in different classes, such as emphasizing the practice of teaching protection in kindergarten teacher evaluation; In the evaluation of teachers in primary and secondary schools, it is proposed to explore the establishment of a teaching evaluation system, in which teachers should evaluate each student’s studies every semester, and the evaluation situation should be included in the teacher assessment content, and the performance salary distribution should be tilted towards the head teacher and the teachers with outstanding teaching and teaching effects. In the aspect of checking the workload of college teachers, it puts forward some targeted measures, such as participating in teaching and research activities, compiling teaching materials and cases, guiding students’ graduation design, employment, innovation and entrepreneurship, social practice, community activities, competitions and performances, etc.
In addition, in view of the problems of scientific research evaluation such as "only papers" and "only hats" that college teachers are generally concerned about, the Overall Plan clearly puts forward that quality orientation and classified evaluation will be emphasized in the evaluation of teachers’ scientific research, while the quantitative indicators such as the number of papers included, citation rate and awards will be diluted in the evaluation of disciplines in colleges and universities, and the characteristics, quality and contribution of disciplines will be highlighted.
In order to make the title of talents return to academic and honorary nature, the Master Plan also proposes that teachers’ achievements should be determined strictly according to the signing unit and not follow others, and the title of talents should not be regarded as a restrictive condition for undertaking scientific research projects, job title evaluation and employment, evaluation and award, and degree declaration.
Reform student evaluation
Breaking what: an unscientific way to label students with scores
What to stand for: the educational requirement of all-round development of morality, intelligence, body, beauty and labor
"Test, the teacher’s magic weapon; Points are the lifeblood of students. The long-sung ballad reflects the unscientific practice of "labeling students with scores" in schools at all levels.
Student evaluation is the basic link of educational evaluation. The reporter noted that in order to reverse the wrong tendency of labeling students with scores in the current student evaluation, the Overall Plan focuses on promoting the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and puts forward specific evaluation criteria for moral education, aesthetic education, physical education and labor education. For example, in the way of moral education evaluation, it is proposed to explore effective ways for students, parents, teachers and communities to participate in the evaluation by means of informationization, and objectively record the daily performance and outstanding performance of students’ conduct, especially the practice of socialist core values. In the evaluation of sports, it is proposed to establish an examination mechanism combining daily participation, physical fitness monitoring and special sports skill testing, and put forward specific requirements in different learning periods. In the evaluation of aesthetic education, it is put forward that primary and secondary school students’ learning of music, art, calligraphy and other art courses and their participation in art practice activities organized by schools should be included in their academic requirements; Explore the inclusion of art subjects in the pilot reform of the senior high school entrance examination; Promote colleges and universities to incorporate public art courses and art practice into talent training programs and implement credit system management.
Perfecting the evaluation system in other aspects does not mean relaxing academic requirements.
The reporter noted that "strict academic standards" has become a key point in the Master Plan, which requires schools at all levels to "strictly control exports": in terms of academic evaluation, it is proposed to improve the academic evaluation system that organically combines process assessment and outcome assessment; In terms of dissertations, it is proposed to explore the pilot work of sampling inspection of bachelor’s dissertations (graduation design), improve the sampling inspection of doctoral and master’s dissertations, and seriously deal with all kinds of academic misconduct; In practice (training), it is proposed to improve the assessment method of practice (training) to ensure that students participate in practice (training) in full and truly.
Reform personnel evaluation
Break what: the unreasonable concept of employing people such as the supremacy of diploma.
What to do: the mechanism of talent use oriented by morality and ability
It is worth noting that this "Master Plan" is not only oriented to the internal education, but also puts forward specific reform directions for social employment evaluation.
"Social selection and employment plays an important role in guiding students to diversify and grow into talents. Some employers pay too much attention to high education and high diploma in recruitment, and some even refuse to be famous schools or returnees. This is a modern version of ‘ Origin theory ’ It is not conducive to realizing the opportunity for everyone to have a brilliant life. " The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said.
In order to get rid of the disadvantages of "only diploma", establish a correct employment orientation, and promote the healthy development of education, the Master Plan puts forward five specific reform measures: First, party and government organs, institutions and state-owned enterprises should take the lead in reversing the employment orientation of "only prestigious schools" and "only academic qualifications", establish a talent use mechanism oriented by morality and ability, and aim at job demand, so as to change the "high consumption" of talents and form an eclectic decline. Second, the recruitment of civil servants at all levels, institutions and state-owned enterprises should reasonably formulate recruitment conditions and determine the educational level according to the job requirements. In the recruitment announcement and actual operation, the study experience and learning methods of graduation institutions and countries (territories) should not be used as restrictive conditions. The third is to standardize the conditions for the employment of college teachers and the evaluation of professional titles, and not to take the study experience abroad as a restrictive condition. Fourth, vocational school graduates are treated equally with ordinary school graduates in terms of settlement, employment, participation in recruitment of government agencies, enterprises and institutions, evaluation and employment of professional titles, and promotion of job ranks. Fifth, employers should scientifically and reasonably determine their job responsibilities, adhere to the principle of fixed salary by post, remuneration according to work, and excellent remuneration for excellent work, and establish an incentive mechanism that emphasizes performance and contribution.