How to return to sports after "Yangkang"?
Many studies at home and abroad show that many patients will leave behind health problems after Covid-19’s infection turns negative, and proper and moderate physical activity is of great positive significance for patients to recover their health. The concept of "exercise is a good doctor" mainly advocates the prevention, treatment and promotion of rehabilitation after illness through physical exercise. Physical exercise plays a very positive and irreplaceable role in accelerating the recovery of the negative effects of some acute and chronic diseases. A few days ago, novel coronavirus Sports Training Center compiled the "Guide to Returning to Sports after Infection-turned-negative ("Yangkang "personnel)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guide"), which collected the opinions of experts and scholars in different fields such as sports medicine, physiology and biochemistry, and physical training, and summarized relevant clinical experience, aiming at helping and guiding the people with infection-turned-negative ("Yangkang" personnel) in Covid-19 to return to the sports field step by step, and helping the target population to speed up the pace of recovering their health. If you are a member of the asymptomatic or mild Covid-19 infection-turned-negative population, you can read the Guide carefully and follow it, develop correct exercise habits and a good and healthy lifestyle, and be the first responsible person for your own health.
Proper exercise is beneficial to restore health.
The early stage of Covid-19 infected patients is characterized by lung damage, which leads to impaired exercise endurance. Appropriate respiratory training, stretching training and yoga training can effectively combat the virus and the decline of physical abilities such as flexibility and strength brought by bed rest, and delay the deterioration of cardiopulmonary function, enhance human immunity and accelerate the recovery process after illness.
Exercise training and inspiratory muscle training are helpful to skeletal muscle and respiratory function of patients with Covid-19 infection, and are very important in overcoming respiratory dysfunction, lack of cardiopulmonary endurance and limitation of daily functional activities, and are important means for lung rehabilitation of patients with Covid-19 infection.
Covid-19’s infection has adverse effects on some patients’ hearts, and exercise therapy, as the core of cardiac rehabilitation, has exact benefits in correcting the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, improving the exercise endurance and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, and reducing the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases.
The research shows that home exercise training has a remarkable effect on the exercise endurance and lower limb muscle strength of discharged patients with Covid-19 infection, which provides a basis for the clinical application and promotion of physical exercise training in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with Covid-19 infection.
Applicable people and pre-exercise state evaluation
The purpose of health screening and evaluation before returning to exercise is to determine individual medical contraindications and exclude people with contraindications to exercise; Second, before the start of the exercise program, select individuals who meet certain medical evaluation standards or can complete the exercise test; The third is to increase the safety in exercise testing and exercise; The fourth is to formulate and implement a targeted, safe and effective exercise prescription.
This guide is suitable for people who are asymptomatic or mild novel coronavirus infection and enter the recovery period (meet any of the following requirements and other symptoms are obviously improved): the nucleic acid test is negative for two consecutive times, and the Ct value is ≥ 35; The results of antigen testing for three consecutive days were negative; After 7 days of home isolation, the fever symptoms subsided for more than 24 hours without using antipyretics.
Regarding the state evaluation before exercise, you can first complete the Borg(6MWD) subjective fatigue perception evaluation of the 6-minute walking test.
6MWD evaluates the functions and coordination of various systems of Yangkang personnel, including lung, heart, systemic circulation, peripheral circulation, blood, neuromuscular units and muscle metabolism, by measuring their walking distance on the flat ground for 6 minutes.
Absolute contraindication: unstable angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction in recent months. Relative contraindications: resting heart rate is greater than 40% of the age of 220- (beats/minute); Systolic blood pressure is greater than 180mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure is greater than 100mmHg;; Under the condition of no oxygen inhalation, the resting SpO2 is less than 88%; Fatigue or dyspnea after exercise caused by unexpected factors such as arthritis; Patients with mental and neurological diseases; Malignant arrhythmia.
Evaluation criteria:
1. Normal people walk more than 450m (450m-700m) in 6 minutes, and their Borg score is generally below 11, and their heart rate is 110 beats/min. You can start to resume exercise according to the Yangkang exercise guide.
2. If the 6-minute walking distance is less than 450 meters, suggesting that exercise tolerance is declining, please consult a clinician, and further check the cardiopulmonary function before determining the appropriate exercise program.
(1) Mild motor impairment: the walking distance is 300-450m.
(2) Moderate motor ability decline: the walking distance is 150m-300m.
(3) Severe decline in athletic ability: the walking distance is less than 150m.
"Exercise Prescription" for Yangkang Personnel
To return to sports, Yangkang personnel must follow the basic principle of "all-round development, individual differences and gradual progress", and be divided into three stages, starting from low intensity and gradually progressing. Everyone can choose suitable sports according to their exercise habits and preferences, pay attention to heart rate monitoring and subjective fatigue feeling during exercise, and exercise time and frequency can be added or subtracted according to their recovery after exercise.
In addition, the "Guide" also puts forward matters needing attention for "Yangkang" personnel to return to sports.
First, all physical exercises should follow the principle of gradual and personalized, and the load and load intensity will gradually increase during the process of resuming physical activities.
Second, in the process of sports activities, we should monitor the changes of heart rate and subjective feeling in time. When new symptoms (including cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, palpitation, fever, etc.) recur or appear, we should immediately stop the process of resuming sports activities, seek medical help if necessary, and conduct physical assessment after no symptoms.
Thirdly, generally speaking, it takes three times as many days for an infected person in novel coronavirus to return to the original state of exercise as it did in novel coronavirus (for example, it takes 30 days to return to the original state of exercise after 10 days of infection with Covid-19).
Fourthly, it is necessary to pay special attention to those who have long-term fitness habits. Generally speaking, they think that they have good physical fitness, strong exercise ability and good immunity, and they do high-intensity exercise when their bodies are not fully recovered, thus causing repeated illness. Therefore, in the recovery period of "Yangkang", blind self-confidence and excessive exercise should be avoided.
For more detailed information, such as terminology explanation, please refer to Guangzhou Daily APP Sports+Channel and Xinhuacheng APP Universiade Channel.
Expert voice: safety first
Fang Jianhui, president of Ersha Sports Hospital, introduced the highlights of the Guide to the reporter.
National health and mass sports are the foundation of competitive sports, and athletes should shoulder their social responsibilities. It is necessary to remind and assist the general public in special times, which is one of the original intentions of the Guide. At the same time, many experts involved are members of the Guangdong Sports Protection Association, and it is their duty to provide sports protection, evaluation and rehabilitation services for the public.
The core of the Guide is "safety first" and "safety first", so it is as rigorous as possible. The first thing is to avoid the risk of exercise. The questionnaire is universal in the world. It is necessary to assess whether you can exercise responsibly. If not, you should go to a doctor. Then, the Guide will also test your exercise ability, level and intensity. If you don’t meet the standard, you need to continue to rest. You must meet the standard before you can enter the "exercise prescription" with advanced intensity.
Dean Fang pointed out that there are three principles of exercise: first, comprehensiveness (strength, flexibility, coordination, etc.), second, individual differences, and third, gradual progress. At present, many exercise guides in the workshop will simply say "What do you do in the first few days", but in fact, "everyone’s situation is different", so there is no standard menu. You must do it according to your actual situation to see if you are suitable and what level you are. Therefore, Finally, Dean Fang also said that the Guide actually wants to remind two kinds of people, one is people who don’t exercise, and the other is self-righteous "sportsmen". Did you get it? (Guangzhou Daily reporter Zhou Yuqi)